Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi a I-multimeter iyithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi umuntu osebenza ngogesi kuphela angakwazi ukusizakala ngalo. Nokho, labo abake bafingqe imikhono yabo ukuze benze ukulungisa ikhaya noma imotoBayazi ukuthi iyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu elingasisiza songe imali eningi.
Uma ubheka okokufundisa kwethu koomakhenikha bezimoto, uzobona ukuthi amagama athi multimeter, multimeter noma tester avela kakhulu. Isibonelo, iyona ezokutshela uma isipikha sithola amandla noma sidinga ukushintshwa, uma izifudumezi womsebenzi wakho wenjini kadizili futhi yisiphi isizathu esenza ukuthi izibani zingakhanyi, ekubeni kungesona isibani esishile esilula.
Ngakho-ke, lapha sizochaza yini okufanele uyibheke uma ufuna ukuthenga i-multimeter. Uzobona ukuthi kunohlu olubanzi lwamamodeli anamakhono ahlukene kakhulu, angase angabonakali ngabanye, kodwa angasiza kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho.
Ukuqhathanisa ama-multimeters amahle kakhulu
I-Toolwiz XL830L LCD Digital Multimeter
Siqala ngemodeli ethengekayo kakhulu kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo inezimfanelo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Kakhulu, ukuthi bayibeka ngaphezu kwama-multimeters amaningi ebangeni lamanani ayo. Ubuhle bokuqala okufanele bucatshangelwe ukuthi, ngaphezu kokulinganisa I-voltage ku-Direct Current kanye ne-Alternating Current, ama-Amps kumanje oqondile, Ukuphikiswa, idayode y Ukuqhubeka, futhi inikeza imisebenzi ye amandla, lo imvamisa, lo lokushisa, I-NPN, i-PNP y I-hFE.
Konke lokhu kuyenza ibe yimodeli ephelele ngemali encane eyibizayo. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe uma eziningi zalezi zici ezithuthukisiwe zizosetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akubandakanyi imikhondo yokuhlola kuphela, kodwa futhi iza nepuleti lokusekela elisebenzayo ukuze lihlale endaweni yokuqamba amanga ngenkathi sisebenza nalo kanye nokunye. amabhethri.
I-Aokozo 21A Digital Multimeter
Le modeli yesibili iyaqhubeka nokuhamba phakathi kwebanga lentengo ephansi, kodwa futhi inezici ezivamile zama-multimeter abiza kakhulu. I-Aokozo 21A nayo inenani elihle imisebenzi: I-voltage ku-Direct Current kanye ne-Alternating Current, ama-Amps akhona okwamanje, Ukuphikiswa Nokuqhubeka, ukuhlolwa kwe-diode kanye ne-transistor.
I-AmazonCommercial DT-916N Digital Multimeter
Imodeli yesithathu esikulethela yona ibiza kancane, kodwa ngenxa yalokho ingakwazi ukukala i-voltage kanye ne-amperage kumanje oqondile noma oshintshanayo, izinga lokushisa (uhlobo K), imvamisa, kanye nemisebenzi yokulinganisa engu-13. Iphinde ibe ne-auto range, ngakho-ke ngeke kudingeke ukuthi uyikhethe nganoma yiliphi isondo, futhi inokugcinwa kwedatha.
Kulokhu kufanele sengeze ukuthi ngaphezu kwezintambo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile kanye nebhethri ukuze sikwazi ukusebenza, futhi ihlanganisa ukuhlola izinga lokushisa. ukuba 4000 ubuhlalu, inokulungiswa okuthe xaxa ngezilinganiso kunama-multimeter adlule, futhi isikrini sayo se-LCD siyakhanyisa ukusebenza ezindaweni ezimnyama.
I-Tankool CM06 Digital Multimeter ene-clamp meter
Qaphela ukuthi imodeli yesine esizokhuluma ngayo inekhwalithi ethakazelisa kakhulu yeminye imisebenzi emotweni: i imitha yokubopha. Ngayo ungakwazi ukukala ama-amps ngaphandle kokuthi uvule isekethe ukuze uhlanganise imikhondo yokuhlola ye-multimeter. Isibonelo, kuyasiza uma ufuna hlola ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okungavamile emotweni, okubangela ukuphuma kwebhethri ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, iyi-multimeter enezimfanelo ezithile eziphakeme kakhulu kulo lonke lolu hlu. Uyakwazi ifinyelela ku-600 A no-600 V, kokubili kumanje oqondile noma oshintshanayo (6.000 ama-akhawunti wokuxazulula). Ivumela ukulinganiswa Kokumelana, Amandla, Imvamisa, i-LOWz, Ukuhlolwa kwe-NCV kanye Nomjikelezo Womsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho inesibonisi se-voltage ephansi, ukucisha ugesi okuzenzakalelayo nokugcinwa kwedatha.
Indlela yokukhetha i-multimeter
Uzobona ukuthi ekucacisweni kwama-multimeters amakhulu, amanye amanani afihlekile ngandlela thize. Lokhu kubhekisela ezicini ezifana nokunemba kwayo noma ukulungiswa kwayo, okuyizici ezihluke kakhulu, futhi ezinquma kakhulu ikhwalithi yemodeli okukhulunywa ngayo. Lapha sikutshela ukuthi zisho ukuthini ngempela nokuthi yini okufanele uyibheke.
Isinqumo
Leli nani livamise ukuboniswa ngezinombolo ezinjengokuthi 2.000, 4.000, 6.000 ama-akhawunti… Empeleni, ikhombisa ukuthi i-multimeter ingakala kahle kangakanani kububanzi bayo ngalunye. Isibonelo, uma sikhetha i-20 V futhi inezibalo ezingu-2.000 zokulungiswa, kusho ukuthi izokwazi ukukala izindawo ezimbili zamadesimali: 20,00 V. Uma sikhetha ububanzi obungu-2 V, izokwazi ukukala kuze kufike kumadesimali amathathu. izindawo: 2,000 V.
Ezilinganisweni eziphansi nezimaphakathi, ukuthi i-multimeter inezibalo eziningi (isibonelo 6.000), akusho ukuthi izonikeza ukulungiswa okwengeziwe. Uma ikhombisa inani elingaka, ngokuvamile kuwuphawu lokuthi ububanzi bayo bokulinganisa busebenza ngezinyathelo ezinkulu. Isibonelo: ukuba nenketho yokukhetha i-60V esikhundleni se-20V, futhi ugcine ukulungiswa okufanayo kwedesimali. Kulokhu kufika ku-60,00 V. Futhi, uma ukhetha ububanzi obuncane obulandelayo, 6 V, uzokwazi ukukala ezindaweni ezintathu zamadesimali: 6,000 V.
Lapho uzobona khona umehluko ekulungisweni kumabanga aphezulu wokulinganisa. Uma i-multimeter yakho inezibalo ezingu-2.000, kodwa ilinganisa kufika ku-600V, ngeke ikwazi ukufika endaweni yedesimali. Kodwa uma inezibalo ezingu-6.000, izokwazi: 600,0 V. Njengoba ungacabanga, kuyoba nengqondo ukuthenga i-multimeter enesinqumo esiphezulu kunalesi esikulesi sibonelo, uma uzoyisebenzisa endaweni ephakeme. ububanzi futhi kudingeka ukushuna kahle.
ngokunemba
Nakuba igama lingase libonakale lifana nesinqumo, lesi sici sibhekisela ku- isilinganiso sephutha lemitha. Ngokuvamile kuboniswa ngephesenti ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwenani langempela: 1,2%, 1,5%, 2%…
Kulokhu kufanele sengeze inombolo engezwa kamuva: 1%+2, 1,5%+3, 2%+5… Lena inhlanganisela ebonisa inani lezibalo ukuthi idijithi yokugcina yesilinganiso ingahluka. Isibonelo, uma okwamanje kungu-100V, i-multimeter ene-+-1% ngokunemba ingase ifunde u-101,0V noma 98,0V, futhi uma ino-+2 ku-spec, ingathola ukukhombisa u-101,2 V noma u-98,8 V.
I-aggregate (+2, +3, +5…) iba kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukala amanani amancane kakhulu. Ake ucabange ukuthi lokho okulinganisayo kungu-0,4 V kuphela futhi leyo nombolo ingehla noma yehle ngokubili kweshumi. Iphesenti lephutha liphezulu kakhulu kunebanga elibanzi.
Izibonelo zokunemba esikubonisa zona kulesi sigaba zivamile kubahloli bebanga elimaphakathi. Nakuba ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kungatholakala kuma-multimeters ochwepheshe angcono kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, amanani abo angaphindaphindwa ngo-10 noma ngaphezulu. Bheka nje ukuthi i-Fluke multimeter ibiza malini. Ikakhulukazi uma isezingeni eliphezulu.
Inombolo yezici
Uma ufuna i-multimeter yemisebenzi evamile eyisisekelo yokulungisa izimoto noma yasekhaya, ayidingi ukuba nezinhlobo eziningi zokusebenza. Ezijwayelekile ozozithola yilezo zokulinganisa i-voltage eqondile neshintshanayo yamanje kanye ne-amperagengaphezu kwe- Ukuphikiswa, lo isilinganiso se-diode futhi i Ukuqhubeka. Ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa nakho kungathakazelisa.
Amanye athuthuke kakhulu njengokulinganisa kwe ama-transistors, of imvamisa, the Ukuhlolwa kwe-NCV noma of amandla kagesi zijwayeleke kakhulu emisebenzini kagesi neye-electronics. Kungakho zingavami kakhulu ekulungiseni umuntu ajwayele ukukwenza ekhaya lemoto yakho.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha
Njengoba sincoma kunoma yikuphi ukuqhathaniswa komkhiqizo, ukuphepha kufanele kuze kuqala kunoma iyiphi idivayisi. Kungakho kubalulekile ukuthi i-multimeter yedijithali oyithengayo ithobelane okungenani nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:
- Imikhondo yokuhlola ephephile enamatheminali ane-insulated-coated kanye nomumo ongasheleli
- Ukuvikelwa kwe-fuse okokufaka kwamanje.
- ukuthi ama-fuses amandla aphezulu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphezu kwalokho i-multimeter ikala. Isibonelo, uma ifinyelela ku-600 V, i-fuse kufanele imelane nokufika kancane kunaleyo voltage.
- ukuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi kumodi yokumelana (Ω). Isibonelo: 250 V noma ngaphezulu.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter yabaqalayo
Ukusebenzisa i-multimeter akuyona inkimbinkimbi uma wazi ukuthi izilinganiso ngasinye zingenzani. Ngisho noma kuyi-multimeter yochwepheshe. Umehluko wokuqala okufanele ucace yilowo wezinhlobo zamanje:
- I-Direct Current (DC): imanje lapho ama-electron ehamba ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Yileyo ekhishwa ibhethri lemoto, isibonelo. Ku-multimeter kuboniswa umugqa ovundlile onomugqa odayishiwe ngaphansi kwawo. Kanye nama-initials DC (Okuqondile Kwamanje).
- I-Alternating Current (AC): kulapho ama-electron eshintsha isiqondiso ngefrikhwensi ethile. Yilona elingalinganiswa ku-alternator. Ku-multimeter kuboniswa umugqa we-wavy. kanye namazwi AC, okuyizifinyezo zegama layo ngesiNgisi: Okunye Kwamanje.
Uma usuwazi umehluko phakathi kwale misinga emibili, udinga ukwazi izilinganiso eziyisisekelo ezihlukile ezingenziwa nge-multimeter:
- Voltage: i-voltage futhi iboniswa ngohlamvu V lwamaVolts. Ngokuvamile amabhethri emoto angu-12 V DC. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-230 V ingatholakala ku-socket yasekhaya yendlu.
- I-Amperage: ukushuba kwamandla amanje futhi kuboniswa ngohlamvu A lwe-Amps. Ibhethri lemoto linenani eliboniswe kule yunithi yokulinganisa. Isibonelo: 44 A, 65 A noma 100 A. Okuwukushuba okuphezulu ekwazi ukukuletha ngokuphazima kweso. Isibonelo sendlu singatholakala ebhokisini lakho le-fuse, lapho uzobona khona ama-amperages afana no-16 A, 20 A, 25 A, 30 A noma 40 A.
- Ukuphikiswa: ukuphikiswa komqhubi wamanje futhi kukalwa ngo-Ohms, kuboniswa ngohlamvu lwesiGreki u-Ω. Isibonelo, lo msebenzi uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubona ukuthi ukumelana kwesekethe ethile noma idivayisi kukuvelu efanele. Kudinga ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi ukumelana okufanele ukuze isebenze. Ngokwesibonelo a ikhoyili yokuthungela ama-electronics ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-0,3 no-1 ohm wokumelana. Uma okukalwayo kunokumelana okwengeziwe, kusho ukuthi isifunda sakho sangaphakathi sinokuthintana okungafuneki lapho kulahleka khona. Uma ukumelana kungapheli, kusho ukuthi idivayisi noma isifunda sinqanyuliwe futhi akukho ukudlula kwamanje.
- Ukuqhubeka: empeleni ikala okufana nokumelana, kodwa ngendlela enethezeke kakhulu ngesixwayiso esizwakalayo. Ngayo, kuyindaba kuphela yokuhlola ukuthi isifunda sinqunywe noma cha. I-multimeter izokhala uma okwamanje idlula futhi izothula uma iphazanyiswa. Ngaleyo ndlela akudingekile ukuthi ubheke isikrini ngenkathi uhlola ukuxhumana okuhlukile. Isetshenziswa, isibonelo, ukuze hlola ukuthi i-fuse ngayinye ishaywa yini noma cha.
Kusukela lapha, sesivele saqala ukukhuluma izici ezithuthuke kakhulu, ezidinga ulwazi lobuchwepheshe olwengeziwe. Leyo yisimo sokuhlolwa kwe-diode, ukukalwa kwamandla kagesi, ukukalwa kwe-transistor, ukulinganisa imvamisa, ukuhlolwa kwe-NCV, ukutholwa kwesilawulikude se-infrared, ithemometha… Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngale ndaba, sincoma isihloko esilandelayo: Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter.
Ungazi kanjani ukuthi i-multimeter yonakalisiwe
Ama-multimeters akhona izivikelo zokuvimbela ukulimala uma kwenzeka iphutha. Isibonelo, amafuse aphephethayo uma amaleveli athile angasekelwa idivayisi azokweqiwa. Kulezi zimo, i-multimeter izoyikhombisa esikrinini noma izohlala icishiwe kuye ngemodeli. Ngaleso sikhathi i-fuse kufanele ishintshwe. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukuba ne-spare fuses ngisho nokuthenga imodeli ewaletha ebhokisini.
Uma kwenzeka umonakalo ube mkhulu. Nokho ake sishintshe i-fuse isibonisi se-multimeter yedijithali ngeke sikhanyise nhlobo. Into evamile kulezi zimo ukuthi kufanele uthenge entsha, nakuba endabeni yabachwepheshe (futhi ebiza kakhulu) bangaphinde bathunyelwe ukuze balungiswe.
Isebenza kanjani i-multimeter?
Ama-multimeters asebenza ngokubonga ku-a ukumelana lapho bekala amandla amanje (A) noma i-voltage (V). Uma kwenzeka kulinganiswa ama-Amps, afakwa ochungechungeni. Okusho ukuthi, ukuvula isifunda bese wengeza i-multimeter ngaphakathi kwayo (ngaphandle uma inemitha yokubopha). Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-Volts ilinganiswa, ibekwe ngokufana, okungukuthi, akudingekile ukufaka i-multimeter ngaphakathi kwesifunda, ngoba kwanele ukuthinta imikhondo yayo yokuhlola.
Uma i-multimeter ikala ukumelana (Ω), isebenzisa i-a ibhethri ukuzungeza umsinga ngokusebenzisa isekethe futhi ukala umsinga obuyayo nge- potentiometer. Yingakho akufanele isetshenziswe kumjikelezo obukhoma, kuma-capacitor, njll. Uma kungenjalo ingalimala noma okungenani i-fuse evikela i-multimeter izophephetha.
Imibono yokugcina: iyiphi i-multimeter engcono?
Ngokombono wethu, njengoba zingamadivaysi ashibhile, akudingekile ukweqa kakhulu kuwo. Imodeli I-Meterk MK06 Digital Multimeter nge-clamp meter, ihlanganisa inani elikhulu lemisebenzi nezinyathelo zokuphepha, kuyilapho kugcinwa kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha kwethu ngaphezu kwamanye amamodeli, anezimfanelo ezinhle, kodwa akufanele kakhulu nje ukulondoloza ama-euro ambalwa.