Amarekhodi esivinini: umhlaba, ulwandle nomoya

amarekhodi esivinini

Kuwo wonke umlando, umuntu ubelokhu ezama ukuzithuthukisa. Futhi lokhu kusebenza nasesivinini. Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX kuze kube namuhla, kube nemizamo eminingi yokweqa amarekhodi ejubane langaphambilini emhlabeni, olwandle nasemoyeni. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sikulethela izici ezivelele kakhulu mayelana amarekhodi esivinini kusho ukuthi. Ezinye ziyashaqisa ngempela!

irekhodi lejubane lomhlaba

Amarekhodi wejubane we-Trust SSC

I-ThrustSSC (Imoto eyi-Thrust SuperSonic) Kuyimoto yejethi eyakhiwe ngabaseBrithani uRichard Noble, uGlynne Bowsher, uRon Ayers noJeremy Bliss. Le moto yenzelwe ngqo ukwephula amarekhodi ejubane lezwe eyayiwabekile ngaphambilini. Futhi wakwenza ngo-Okthoba 15, 1997, eqhutshwa u-Andy Green (umshayeli we-Royal Air Force fighter).

Ngaleso sikhathi, yayizofinyelela isivinini esingu-1228 km/h, ibe imoto yokuqala yasemhlabeni ukwephula ngokusemthethweni umgoqo womsindo. Ukwenze ogwadule iBlack Rock, eNevada (USA), indawo eyisicaba futhi inkulu ngokwanele ukuthi le moto ingahlolwa.

Le moto ibukiswa eCoventry Transport Museum eNgilandi. Ngakho-ke, ungayivakashela uma uthanda.

Le moto inobude obungamamitha angu-16.5 ubude namamitha angu-3.7 ububanzi. Futhi, kude nalokho ongase ukucabange, inesisindo esikhulu kakhulu, cishe amathani ayi-10. Inhloso ebikwazi ukuyithuthukisa kwakungu-223 kN, okwathi ikhiqiza i-102.000 hp, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinjini zabo zejethi aziklanyelwe ukusebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu. Izinjini ezimbili ze-Rolls-Royce Spey Turbofan ezishisiwe ezisetshenziswe ku-F-4 Phantom II jet fighter zisetshenziswe ukuzuza la mandla.

Ukuma kwemoto kuphelele i-aerodynamics, futhi okunye okwakukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi imoto yayingeke isuke phansi ngalezo sivinini. Nayo le moto ibingenawo amathayi, abezobhidlika ngalezo jubane. Kunalokho ibisebenzisa amasondo ensimbi. Futhi, noma iliphi iqhubu noma idwala elisemgwaqweni lalingaba nemiphumela ebuhlungu, ngakho wayeqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokungcola esetshenzisiwe yayiyisicaba futhi ihlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka.

lezi zinjini bashisa amalitha angaba ngu-18 kaphethiloli ngomzuzwana, esebenzisa cishe amalitha angu-4850 ngebanga elingu-100 km. Amandla ashisayo akhishwe yilezi zinjini abe ngu-630 MW, kucatshangelwa ukuthi amandla asebenzayo azuziwe angama-76 MW, okusho ukuthi imoto yayisebenza kahle cishe ngo-12%. Ngamafuphi, isilo ongasibona kuvidiyo elandelayo sisebenza, futhi ngincoma ukuthi uvule umsindo ukuze uzwe lapho wephula umgoqo womsindo:

I-Bloodhound LSR kwaba ngumlandeli weThrust SSC, enye imoto yaseBrithani ukwephula amarekhodi esivinini abekwe owandulelayo. Kukholakala ukuthi le moto ikwazi ukufika ejubaneni lika-1609 km/h. Kulokhu yayakhiwe ngenjini yejethi ye-Rolls-Royce Eurojet EJ200 Turbofan kanye nenjini yerokhethi eyengeziwe. Umshayeli okhethiwe wayefana, u-Andy Green. Konke kwakumi ngomumo ukusetha irekhodi elisha, kodwa ngo-2018 inkampani izoba sengozini.

Ngaleso sikhathi, usomabhizinisi ogama lakhe lingu-Ian Warhust wayezothenga le phrojekthi ukuze iqhubeke, yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Bloodhound LSR. Kepha ukuntuleka kwezimali kanye nobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kuzophinda kumise umsebenzi. Ekugcineni, ku I-2021 izothengiswa futhi...

Amanye amarekhodi esivinini sezwe

Uthi bewazi…? zikhona amarekhodi esivinini ngaphezulu izinto ezimangalisayo okufanele uzazi ngazo, njenge:

  • Irekhodi lejubane lesithuthuthu liphethwe ngu-Rocky RObinson nge-Ack Attack, isithuthuthu esasizofinyelela irekhodi lejubane ngoSepthemba 25, 2010, sifinyelele ku-605,698 km/h.
  • Irekhodi lejubane lemoto elawulwa umsakazo esebenza ngebhethri liphethwe ngu-Nic Case, nge-RC Bullet yakhe. Ifike ku-25 km/h ngo-Okthoba 2014, 325,12.
  • Bekunerekhodi lejubane lenjini yesitimu ebingafinyelela ku-238,679 km/h. Kwakuyi-Inspiration eyalingwa nguDon Wales. Irekhodi laqoshwa ngo-Agasti 25, 2009.
  • Kukhona nelinye futhi irekhodi lejubane lemoto esebenzisa umoya. I-Ecotricity Greenbird eshayelwa u-Richard Jenkins izozuza cishe u-203,09 km/h ngoMashi 25, 2009.
  • Kuyamangaza ukwazi ukuthi enye imoto esebenzisa amandla abantu, i-Todd Reichert, izokwazi ukwephula elinye irekhodi lejubane lokuhamba emhlabeni ngoSepthemba 17, 2016, ngesivinini esingu-144,17 km/h.
  • Uphethe nerekhodi lejubane lezwe elisebenza ngelanga, yi-Sky Ace TIGA eshayelwa uShinozuka. Yafinyelela ku-91,332 km/h ngo-20014.
  • Irekhodi lejubane eqhweni liphethwe nguJanne Laitinen, obezokwazi ngoMashi 9, 2013 ukushayela i-Audi RS 6 ngesivinini esingu-335,7 km/h.
  • U-Eugene Cernan uhlonishwe ngokubamba irekhodi lejubane endaweni yenyanga. Ngo-1972 wayezofinyelela ku-18 km/h nge-Apollo 17 Lunar Roving Vehicle LRV-003.
  • Kukhona namarekhodi esivinini kuMars for the Spirit kanye nama-Opportunity rove, nakuba lawa engazange alingwe. Ijubane belingu-0.18 km/h.
  • Akhona ngisho namanye amarekhodi ejubane ojantshi besitimela, njengaleyo yeSuper Roadrunner ebingafinyelela ku-10.326 1000 km/h, okuphindwe kashumi kunangaphambili kwemoto ekwazile ukufika ku-XNUMX km/h. Kuhlaba umxhwele ngempela.
  • Mayelana nerekhodi lejubane lezitimela ezisitimu, iphethwe yiLNER Class A4 4468 Mallard eyayishayelwa uJoseph Duddington noThomas Bray ngo-1938, ifinyelele ku-202,6 km/h.
  • Ngokuqondene nezitimela zanamuhla, kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi i-SCMaglev L0 Series Shinkansen ukuthi ngo-April 21, 1954 izofinyelela ku-603 km/h.

Njengelukuluku elingeziwe, ukusho ukuthi ngobusuku bango-July 16 kuya ku-17, 2006, elinye irekhodi lejubane kazwelonke ngamasondo lalizozuzwa eSpain. Kungaba ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-homologation yesitimela esisha se-Siemens AVE 103-002 esizovala ulayini we-Madrid-Barcelona. Ngaleso sikhathi enye ye Ijubane leSpanishi lirekhoda ngokufinyelela ku-403,7 km/h, isivinini esiphezulu kunemaki angaphambilini asungulwe ku-390 km/h.

irekhodi isivinini emanzini

Kukhona irekhodi lesivinini ngaphansi kwamanzi. Lona ukhanyiswa umkhumbi-ngwenya waseSoviet owawufinyelela ku-57 km/h noma amafindo angu-31. Kodwa-ke, kufanele futhi sigqamise ama-torpedoes aqaliswe yile mikhumbi-ngwenya, afinyelela ku-200 knots noma 370 km/h esimweni se-Russian VA-111-Shkval supercavitation torpedo. Kodwa lokhu akusithakazelisi kakhulu njengerekhodi eliphezu kwamanzi, elizuzwa yisikebhe esinesivinini ebizwa ngokuthi i-Spirit of Australia. Yakhiwa ngokhuni nguKen Warby futhi yayizophula irekhodi lejubane lomhlaba ngo-Okthoba 8, 1978.

UKen ngokwakhe washayela leli sikebhe eMfuleni iTumut. ngingathola ijubane elisemthethweni elingu-511,11 km/h noma amafindo angu-275,98, futhi ngesivinini esiphezulu 300 amafindo noma 555 km/h. Konke kungenxa yenjini yejethi yase-Westinghouse J34 eyakhiwe yi-Westinghouse Electric Company ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940 futhi yasetshenziswa ezindizeni zokulwa.

Kumele kushiwo ukuthi uWarby uzokwakha esinye isikebhe sendiza yesibili ngeminyaka yama-90s, i-Aussie Spirit enikwa amandla yi-Westinghouse J34 kodwa akasoze aqopha ngaso. Ukwengeza, u-Warby nendodana yakhe u-Dave okwamanje basebenzela i-Spirit yase-Australia II entsha enikwa amandla injini yejethi ye-Bristol Siddeley Orpheus ethathwe ku-Italian Fiat G.91 fighter. Ngo-2018, uDave uzofinyelela 170 amafindo noma 314 km/h ekuhlolweni okungekho emthethweni e-Blowing Lake. Njengamanje, basalungisa idizayini yelinye i-try esemthethweni…

irekhodi isivinini somoya

I-Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird

Angiphinde ngithande ukukhohlwa amarekhodi esivinini somoya asebekiwe. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izimoto ezingenamuntu njenge-HTV-2 zifinyelele ku-21.245 km/h (Mach 20). Kubalulekile futhi ukugqamisa irokhethi yaseNyakatho Melika i-X-15a-2 uWilliam J. Knight ayishayela ngo-1967 futhi eyayizofinyelela ku-7.270 km/h (Mach 6.7). Nokho, uma sibhekisela ezindizeni ezishesha kakhulu, kumelwe gqamisa i-Lockheed SR-71A Blackbird, eyaqhutshwa u-Eldon W. Joersz ngo-1976 yayizofinyelela ku-3.529,56 km/h, okungukuthi, ijubane lika-Mach 3.3.

I-Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird iyindiza yokuhlola engakwazi finyelela ku-Mach 3+ kanye nokuphakama okuphezulu. Yakhiwe yinkampani yasemkhathini yaseMelika i-Lockheed Corporation futhi yasetshenziswa yi-United States Air Force kanye ne-NASA. Kumanje iyehlisiwe njengoba inkampani ithuthukisa ozongena esikhundleni sakhe owaziwa ngokuthi i-SR-72, okuhlelwe ukuthi ikhishwe ngo-2025. Kodwa okwamanje, isengumnikazi werekhodi lejubane lendiza enomuntu.

I-También ikhona amanye amarekhodi esivinini ngendiza efana nendiza enophephela emhlane i-Westland Lynx 800 eyayindiza u-John Egginton ngo-1986, eyayizofinyelela ku-400,86 km/h. Noma leyo yeRolls-Royce Accel Spirit of Innovation kagesi uSteve Jones ayishayela ngo-2021 yafinyelela ku-555,9 km/h.

amarekhodi isivinini emkhathini

Amarekhodi esivinini se-Parker Solar Probe

Okokugcina, kufanele futhi sigqamise amanye amarekhodi ejubane, kodwa kulokhu esikhaleni. Isivinini se-Stellar sifinyelelwe laphaya, akukaze kube ngcono. Isibonelo, i-NASA's Parker Solar Probe izofinyelela kuNovemba 21, 2021 ijubane elingu-587.000 km/h.

Lolu phenyo lwasemkhathini lwethulwa ngo-2018, emuva kweminyaka yokusebenza selokhu lwamenyezelwa ngo-2009. Umsebenzi bekuwukubheka i-corona yangaphandle yeLanga. Ukwenza lokhu, izofika endaweni engaba ngu-6.9 million km ukusuka eLangeni.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2025 izofinyelela isivinini sayo esiphezulu, u-690.000 km/h, noma u-0,064% wejubane lokukhanya. Eqinisweni, iyinto eshesha kakhulu eyenziwe umuntu.


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.