I-Starter motor: ukuthi iyini, isebenza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zayo

isiqalo

El ukuqala injini, o Umqali wembongolo kwamanye amazwe aseLatin America, iyisici esibalulekile ezimotweni zamanje. Yiwona ophethe ukuqalisa ukuhamba kwenjini evuthayo yenqwaba yezimoto zamanje, noma ngabe uphethroli, udizili, igesi, utshwala...

ngaphandle kokuqala sisafanele aphume emotweni aye sebenzisa i-crank efakwe ngaphambiliNjengezimoto ezindala nje. Kwaze kwaba ngo-1911, lapho kwavela khona imoto yokuqala ene-starter kagesi: i-Cadillac ka-1912. Umshini owamukelwe kakhulu njengoba usenzela lo msebenzi, osivumela ukuba siqale injini ngokujika okulula kokhiye noma nge- inkinobho.

Indlu eyakha isiqalisi kwakuyi-DELCO (I-Dayton Engineering Laboratories Co), enikeze le divayisi kwaGeneral Motors (GM). Le nkampani yayinesizinda sezingxenye zikagesi, njengomsabalalisi eyayethula ngo-1909. Kangangoba yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "i-delco."

I-Starter motor operation

Izinjini ezivuthayo zisebenza ngenxa yokuthi a ukunyakaza okujikelezayo ngaphakathi lokho kukodwa. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okumele kuqale lowo mjikelezo, ngoba ngeke kukwazi ukuzenzela.

isiqalo isebenza sibonga ugesi, ngakho-ke ixhunywe kwibhethri yemoto ukuze yamukele I-12 V ezivumela ukuthi ijikeleze. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inenye ikhebula elixhuma i-a edluliselwe ngokuvutha kwemoto nokuthi sivula ngokuvula ukhiye.

Ngokushesha lapho senza i-relay iyavala futhi idlule okwamanje ku-solenoid edonsa ibha yensimbi. Le bha ixhunywe kwimfoloko ezophusha uphiko. Ngasikhathi sinye, injini yokuqalisa izothola okwamanje futhi ijikelezisa le pinion ukuze iqale injini yomlilo volante. Ngale ndlela, injini izoqala umjikelezo wayo wokungenisa, ukucindezelwa, ukunwetshwa kanye nokukhipha igesi amandla kagesi.

qala imoto ngaphandle kwebhethri
I-athikili ehlobene:
Uyiqala kanjani imoto ngaphandle kwebhethri

Ngokushesha nje lapho injini ikwazi ukwenza le nqubo ngokwayo futhi ithatha isivinini esithile, i-starter motor pinion ibuyela endaweni yayo original, ukuze ungaphazamisi ukusebenza kwayo. Inqubo evame ukwenziwa uma siyeka ukuphendula ukhiye wemoto noma ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho injini ifinyelela isivinini esithile sibonga i-bendx.

I-pinion ye-starter motor

izinhlobo motor starter

Kuya nge uhlobo lwenjini ukuqalisa, injini yokuqalisa kuyodingeka ibe namandla amaningi noma amancane. Akufani nokuqala uphethroli omncane ongu-1.0, kunenjini enkulu engu-3.0 kadizili. Kunoma yikuphi, izinhlobo zezinjini zokuqalisa zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezine:

Ngokusho kwe-voltage yakho

  • 6V: engatholakala kwezinye izithuthuthu nasezimotweni ezilula kakhulu.
  • 12V: yilezo ezitholakala ezimotweni eziningi zabagibeli nasezimotweni ezinomthamo ofanayo.
  • 24V: okuyizinto ezijwayelekile ezimotweni ezisindayo. Nakuba zithola ugesi ebhethrini engu-24 V noma kumabhethri amabili angu-12 V abekwe ochungechungeni.

Kuye nge-stator yakho

  • ngozibuthe kagesi: lokho kusebenza kuphela lapho i-current idluliswa kubo.
  • Ngozibuthe unomphela: ezingavezwa noma zimbozwe ngensimbi ukuqinisa amandla kazibuthe. Imvamisa zingozibuthe be-ceramic, okufanele uziqaphele ngazo ngoba zintekenteke.

Ngokusho kohlobo lwayo lokuphindaphinda amandla

  • Asikho isiphindaphindi samandla: lapho i-pinion ijikeleza ngesivinini esifanayo ne-rotor, ngoba ayinayo igiya elishintsha ijubane layo.
  • Ngokuphindaphinda amandla: lapho iphinifa lizungeza ngesivinini esiphansi ngoba inamagiya ehlisa ijubane le-pinion yokushayela. Umphumela uba ijubane elincane ku-pinion, kodwa i-torque eyengeziwe ekujikeni, ukuze ukwazi ukuqala izinjini ezisindayo. Ngamanye amazwi, isebenza ngendlela efanayo no-gearbox onegiya eliphansi.

Ngokusho komshini wayo wokushayela

  • i-solenoid yangaphandle: okuyizinto ezivame kakhulu futhi ongazibona kuvidiyo engenhla.
  • i-solenoid yangaphakathi: Kulezi ziqalisi ngeke ubone izindlu ezimbili, ngoba i-solenoid ingaphakathi kwe-in-line starter housing. Ngalesi sizathu abanayo imfologo edlulisa umnyakazo.
  • Izikhali ezishelelayo: iphinikhodi yakha ibhulokhi nge-armature futhi yiyo yonke le nhlangano eslayidayo ukuze isuse iphini bese iqalisa injini. Kodwa lokho kuvame kakhulu ezimotweni ezisindayo

Isistimu yokuqala engenakhiye noma engenakhiye

Izingxenye zenjini yokuqalisa

Sesishilo ezinye zazo encazelweni yokusebenza kwazo, kodwa empeleni isiqalisi sinokunye okwengeziwe. Ikakhulukazi ngoba empeleni a injini kagesi esebenza ngamandla aqondile ngakho-ke inezingxenye zayo. Izingxenye ze-starter motor yilezi:

  • drive pinion: Yingxenye lapho i-starter motor ejika ngayo i-flywheel, ngenxa yokuthi inomkhawulo wamazinyo. Iphinde ithole igama lomqhele onamazinyo noma i-bendx. Nakuba lesi sibongo empeleni siyi-metonymy ehlanganisa ukulibiza ngegama lomkhiqizo we-Bendix owawakha.
    Uma i-starter motor ingasetshenziswa, i-pinion ihlehliswa ukuze ingaphazamisi i-flywheel. Uma sivula ukhiye, i-relay iyawukhipha ukuze ikwazi ukujika iqale injini.
  • I-Estator: Njenganoma iyiphi i-motor kagesi, i-starter motor ine-stator. Okusho ukuthi, ingxenye engaguquki esebenzisana nozibuthe kagesi nerotha ukuze iyenze ijikeleze.
  • i-solenoid noma i-othomathikhi: Kuwumjikelezo kazibuthe ofana nozibuthe kagesi odala indawo kazibuthe eheha ibha yensimbi. I-Solenoid: ukusebenza nokusetshenziswa emotweni.
  • Imfoloko: yisaha elinomgodi phakathi. Lapho i-solenoid idonsa umugqa wensimbi ngaphakathi kuyo, leli joka liyanyakaza futhi likhiphe igiya lephini elizoqalisa injini.
  • Dock: ihoxisa i-pinion uma i-solenoid ingasebenzi ukuyisusa.
  • Amabhulashi: yibo abagcina ukuxhumana nomsinga oqondile ngisho noma i-rotor iphenduka.
  • i-rotor noma i-armature: yisici esizungezayo sishayelwa inkambu kazibuthe futhi enamathiselwe ephikweni ukuze ijikeleze ngokubambisana nayo.
  • Izindlu: yizona ezivikela isiqalisi senjini futhi zinezimo ezifanele zokuyilungisa lapho kudingekile ngokusebenzisa izikulufu.

injini yokuqalisa endala

Ukuhluleka kwe-Starter motor kanye nezimpawu

Uma imoto ingaqali, izinkinga ezivame kakhulu yilezo ayinalo ibhethri elanele noma isiqalisi semoto asisebenzi. Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinkinga zombili ungakwazi sebenzisa ama-tweezers ukuyikhipha. Uma iqala ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kusho ukuthi injini ilungile futhi nebhethri lakho alinamandla ngokwanele. Nawe ungakwenza hlola ibhethri nge-multimeter.

Uma usuvele ukhiphe ibhethri, kunenombolo yezimpawu ongazibona ngokulalela ngokucophelela:

Ngivula ukhiye futhi akenzi lutho.

Uma ungezwa lutho, kusho ukuthi kunenkinga ngezintambo ezinika amandla isiqalisi noma isiqalisi uqobo. Okusho ukuthi, intambo eyinikeza amandla, intambo eyinikeza phansi, noma intambo edluliswayo. Ungahlola ukuthi inkinga ikuphi ngaphandle kokukhipha isiqalisi nge I-multimeter:

  1. Isethe ku-V kuya ku-Direct Current (DC noma DC) eya 20v (30V, 40V… kuya nge-multimeter)
  2. Hlola ikhebula elinikeza amandla kusiqalisi senjini.: faka ithiphu enegethivu (emnyama) kutheminali enegethivu yebhethri kanye nethiphu ephozithivu (ebomvu) ekhebulani eliwugqinsi elifinyelela kusiqalisi.
  3. Kufanele zifike cishe zifana nebhethri (ngaphezu kwe-12V). Uma kungekho lutho olufikayo, uxhumano luphukile. Okusho ukuthi, leli khebula liphukile noma lingaxhunywanga ngesikhathi esithile.
  4. Hlola indawo yokuqala yemoto: kuwukusebenza okufanayo kodwa ngethiphu ebomvu kutheminali ephozithivu yebhethri kanye nethiphu emnyama ekhejini yensimbi yesiqalisi senjini. Uma ungekho umsinga, kusho ukuthi ikhebula elinegethivu eliya kumotho liphukile noma lingaphiniwe.
  5. Ekugcineni hlola okwamanje edluliselwe: faka umthofu omnyama kutheminali engu-50 yesiqalisi senjini kanye nomthofu obomvu kutheminali ephozithivu yebhethri. Uma iqala injini ilinganiselwa ku-12 V, yinhle. Uma kungenjalo, isekethe yangaphakathi ye-starter motor yimbi.
  6. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, inkinga ikhona kwenye indawo uhlelo lokuthungela imotohhayi ku-starter motor.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter
I-athikili ehlobene:
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter

I-multimeter ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola injini yokuqalisa

Injini inyakaza kancane kakhulu ukuthi ingaqala

Uma ibhethri lilungile, kodwa i-voltage enganele efika ku-motor yesiqalisi, inkinga ikuzintambo. Nge-multimeter iyabonakala, ngoba i-current iyafika, kodwa ingaphansi kwaleyo ehlinzekwa yibhethri.

  1. Okuhle kakhulu hlola ibhethri kuqala ukubeka imikhondo yokuhlola kumatheminali ebhethri (imnyama kutheminali eyinegethivu futhi ibomvu kuphozithivu). Ngale ndlela uzokwazi i-voltage enikezwa ibhethri ncamashi ngoba iyidatha ozoyidinga. Isibonelo: 12,7V.
  2. Khona-ke, hlola ikhebula eliya kusiqalisi senjini njengakuqala. Uma inika u-0,5 V ngaphansi kwalokhu ibhethri elikunikezayo, kusho ukuthi ikhebuli inokumelana kakhulu nogesi. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokugqwala okuningi koxhumene nabo bekhebula noma okunye ukuwohloka.
  3. okufanayo uma hlola umhlaba ukuze injini yokuqalisa njengangaphambili, kufanele inikeze okungenani i-0,5 V ngaphansi. Uma kungenjalo, i-motor ground wire noma ukuxhumana kwayo kubi.

I-Starter motor izijika yodwa (ayisebenzi)

Inkinga izoba senjinini ye-flywheel coupling system. Injini yokuqalisa kufanele ihlakazwe futhi ilungiswe noma ifakwe enye. Uma kunjalo, ungayivumeli ingasebenzi kakhulu ngoba ingawohloka kakhulu kunalokho eyikho. Kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi:

  • la imfoloko Iphukile,
  • Los pinion amazinyo bahlukene,
  • el shaft yamahhala isesimweni esibi noma
  • Los amazinyo e-flywheel ziye zaphuka noma zigqokwe ngokweqile.

Ukhiye wokubasa wesistimu yokuqala yemoto

Imoto ngeke iqale futhi ihamba nge-clack clack

Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uzwa a ukukhenceza noma umsindo othi "clack clack". lapho uvula ukhiye wokushisa. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi i-othomathikhi ye-starter motor (solenoid) ithola okwamanje, kodwa i-starter motor ngokwayo ayikho. Injini yokuqalisa kufanele ihlakazwe futhi ilungiswe noma ifakwe entsha.

Nqamula ngokuphephile ibhethri
I-athikili ehlobene:
Unganqamula kanjani ngokuphephile ibhethri lemoto

Intengo yesiqalisi

Intengo yakho lokuqala isandla ngokuvamile phakathi Ama-euro angama-120 no-300. Nakuba lezi zintengo zingaphuma kalula kulolo hlu. Khumbula ukuthi akufani nokuqala injini yemoto yomsebenzi kunemoto yezemidlalo esezingeni eliphezulu. Eyokuqala ingaba ngu-0.9 litre three-cylinder, kanti enye ingase ibe enkulu engu-8-litre V5.0.

Intengo ingaba phezulu kakhulu uma sibheka ama-motor amasha asebenza njengamajeneretha kagesi futhi asekela izinjini kwezinye izimo. Kulezi zimo intengo kalula idlule I-800 euro.

Ukwazi ukuthi isiqalo sikuphi kulula, ukufika kuso akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi

iphi injini yokuqalisa

Ngokuvamile kutholakala ku- ingxenye engezansi yenjini, eduze ne-flywheel, okuyiyona nto okufanele uyijike ukuze uqale. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kumamodeli amaningi kunzima ukususa. Kunezinto eziningi okungenzeka ukuthi kufanele zihlakazwe ukuze zifinyelele kuyo, uma ingenakufinyelelwa ngaphansi.

Ukuze uyithole, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubuka ividiyo ethile yemoto yakho noma imanuwali yokusebenzela. Okuvame kakhulu ukuba khipha ibhethri, eminye imikhono noma ezinye izingxenye.

Izithombe – Pete, Phil Benchoff, Michael Sheehan, Alper Çuğun, nzhamstar


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.