camshaft, noma i-camshaft NgesiNgisi, ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zenjini yemoto yethu. Itholakala ekhanda le-cylinder futhi inesibopho sokulawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwama-valve lapho ingxube ye-air-fuel ingena futhi iphuma ngaphakathi kwamasilinda.
Ukuma kwe-camshaft kuyanquma ngokuziphatha kwemoto. Lesi siqeshana sinomumo othize osinika izimfanelo ezikhethekile. ethize enjinini, ngoba ama-valve angavuleka isikhathi esiningi noma esincane futhi angavulwa kakhulu noma ngaphansi njengoba kudingekile.
iphi i-camshaft
Isikhundla se-camshaft ngaphakathi izinjini zamanje ziphezulu, ekhanda lesilinda. Ngokuqondile, ezisekelweni ezithile zayo, ezitholakala esitokweni ngokwaso.
Kuya ngenjini esikhuluma ngayo, singathola izinjini ama-camshaft amabili esinqeni esifanayo. Enye yazo ilawula ama-valve okukhiphayo kanti enye ilawula ama-valve okukhipha umoya. Lokhu kuvumela ukulawula okuzimele kwazo zombili izinhlelo.
Akufanele futhi sikhohlwe izinjini ezinazo izinqe ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, njengoba kunjalo ngezinjini ezinamasilinda amise okwe-V. Zingaba nawo isihlahla ku-culada ngayinye noma amabili.
En izinjini ezindala, i(ama)camshaft yayingase ibekwe kwezinye izindawo kuye ngokuthi inamavalvuphi kanye nohlobo lokusabalalisa. Abamanje babizwa Ikhamera ephezulu (OHC), okubonisa lokho kubekwa phezulu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abahlehlayo babenazo:
- eduze kwebhentshi lapho i-crankshaft ikhona Njengoba kunjalo ngama-motor. Ama-Side Valves (SV), njengoba igama layo lisho ukuthi yayinama-valve eceleni.
- kubhulokhi. Njengasezinjini Amavalvu Angaphezulu Ekhanda (OHV), eyayinamavalvu engxenyeni engenhla (ikhanda le-cylinder) njengalezi zamanje, kodwa isihlahla sasiphansi. Lokhu kwavula ama-valve ngokusebenzisa ama-push rod nezingalo ze-rocker.
Bheka i- isihloko ngezinhlobo zokusabalalisa ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalokhu.
Isebenza kanjani i-camshaft?
i-camshaft nama-valve
Njengoba ubona ezithombeni, i-camshaft iyibha enama-protrusions amaningana. Njengoba ziphenduka, lawa maqhubu noma amakhamera, qinisa ompompi ezixhunywe kuma-valve. Yile ndlela eziwaphusha ngayo ukuze avuleke ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngaleyo ndlela avumele umoya ungene noma adedele amagesi e-exhaust ukuba abaleke kuye ngomsebenzi wawo.
yena camshaft kanye crankshaft
I-camshaft ingeyesistimu yesikhathi injini. Idinga ukuvumelanisa okuphelele ukuze isebenze, ngakho ixhunywe ku-crankshaft ngebhande lesikhathi noma iketanga, ukuze hamba kahle ngisho naye.
Ezimotweni ezinemivimbo emine, ngayinye amajika amabili e-crankshaft ikhiqizwa inguquko eyodwa ye-camshaft. Okufinyelelwayo ngenxa yomehluko wobukhulu bamasondo amagiya axhunywe kuwo.
inzwa ye-camshaft
Kulolu hlelo lokuvumelanisa kufanele sengeze i inzwa yesikhundla se-camshaft noma i-CMP, okuvumela imojula yokulawula injini (ECM) ukuthi yazi ukuthi ikusiphi isikhundla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Lokhu kuvumelanisa umjovo kaphethiloli, okungenye into ebalulekile enjinini.
Ukuze isebenze, le nzwa inenxeba lekhoyili yethusi kumongo ozibuthe. Kanye, ikala amandla kazibuthe okukhiqizwa ngokuzungeza. Ngenxa yalokhu, ithola idatha efana nesivinini se-motor kanye nokuba seduze kwe-rotor yensimbi kwinzwa. ngakho uyazi indawo ye-piston inombolo 1. Abanye, uyabazi ukuthi bakuphi ngokususelwa esikhundleni salona.
Amaphutha e-camshaft
Ukuntuleka kokugcotshwa
Kubaluleke kakhulu sebenzisa amafutha afanelekile ngenjini yethu, kanye nokwenza izinguquko lapho umenzi esitshela. Ngale ndlela i-camshaft izohlala igcotshwe ngokuphelele, njengoba ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwenjini.
Ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo kwalesi sici kubangela noma yikuphi ukuntuleka kokugcotshwa ngokweqile ukunciphisa ukuphila kwayo okusebenzisekayo kakhulu. Futhi, lapho uwoyela usuphansi kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi imoto isinezinsuku eziningi ingasetshenziswa, kuthatha isikhathi ukuba i-oil pump iwathumele phezulu enjinini. Isimo esibangela kwezinye izinjini izinkinga ze-hydraulic lifter kanye nomsindo wokukhala olandelanayo.
Lena akuyona inkinga eqondile nge-crankshaft, kodwa ingagcina iphazamise, ngoba ama-tappets aguga amakhamera. Okusiletha ekuhlukaniseni okulandelayo.
I-Cam Wear
Akukona ukwehluleka okuvamile ezimotweni zamanje, kusukela ama-camshaft amaningi akhiwe futhi ube nokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu. Futhi okuncane kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa okunikezwa umuntu oyedwa, lapho amamayela athile engavamile ukudlula. Kodwa-ke, kwamanye amamodeli lokhu kuphazamiseka kwenzeke ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zezinye izinto kanye/noma ikhwalithi yazo ephansi.
Kunoma yikuphi, nakuba kungajwayelekile ezimotweni eziningi, kungabonakala kaningi ku izithuthuthu camshafts. Lokhu kungenxa yezinga eliphezulu le-RPM lapho izinjini zabo zisebenza khona.
Ukususwa kwe-axial (of shaft)
Uma i-slack idaliwe kubaphathi be-camshaft, kuzozwakala ukugedla noma ukuklabalasa. Okungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwenjini uma iqhubeka nokusetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile, le nkinga ibangelwa ukuntuleka kokugcoba. Ngakho-ke ngokuvamile idinga ukulungiswa okungaphezu kwemvume ngokwayo, ngaphandle uma yenzekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nemayela eliphezulu ngokungavamile.
Inani le-camshaft
Ukuphuka noma ukwehluleka kwe-camshaft akuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele sazi ukuthi uma sidinga ukushintsha le ngxenye, iyingxenye ebiza kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukulungisa kungabiza kakhulu. Uma kufanele ishintshwe, into evamile ukuthi i-invoyisi yaseshabhu imayelana nama-euro ayi-1.000 kumamodeli ajwayelekile. Izindleko ezingaba phezulu nakakhulu kumabhrendi e-premium noma uma kunezingxenye ezilimele kakhulu.
Izithombe - Peter Anderson, George, Pete, Nathanael Burton, Alexander Lindquist, Mazda Mxtree