Intuthuko yakamuva yobuchwepheshe eyethulwe futhi esevele imakethwa emkhakheni wezimoto i I-48v microhybridization yezimoto ezifana neMercedes-Benz W222, ifakwe uhlelo lukagesi oluxhunywe ku-thermal block enciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhipha okuqondileyebo Kucatshangwa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buyisahluko esiphakathi phakathi kwezinjini ezishisayo kanye nekusasa elingekude kakhulu elidlula ukukhiqizwa kwamamotho kagesi. Eqinisweni, ayanda amazwe azibekele umnqamulajuqu wokudayiswa kwezimoto ezisetshenziswa izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi.
Le microhybridization ku-48v iphinde imele ukuqala kwe-a ushintsho olukhulu ngendlela thina bantu baseYurophu esizoshayela ngayo noma, ngemoto ezimele emnyango, njengoba besho, ukuze nje bahambe. Ngokunengqondo, lolu hlobo olusha lokuhamba kufanele lwethulwe ngokuqhubekayo kokubili ukuze kucwaningwe ukwamukelwa kwayo emphakathini kanye nemikhawulo yezomnotho ukuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe obusha nobuyinkimbinkimbi kubakhiqizi.
Imoto kagesi emakethe yaseSpain
Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kanye/noma ezihlanganisiwe ziyakhula e-Spain ngesivinini esidabukisayo: phakathi kukaJanuwari noSepthemba 2017, ukuthengiswa kwalolu hlobo lwemoto cishe kuphindwe kabili maqondana nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2016. Kodwa-ke, uma sicabangela inani eliphelele lezimoto ezibhalisiwe, singabona lokho ezweni lethu. sisahamba ngamanani aphansi kakhulu: 5% wesamba esithengisiwe esikhuphukayo U-6% uma sigxile ezimotweni zezokuvakasha.
Sethemba ukuthi lezi zibalo ngeke zichazwe ngaphandle kokuhlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ukunikezwa kwezimoto ezihamba ngogesi noma ama-plug-in hybrids atholakala ezweni lakithi. Emakethe yaseSpain, imoto kagesi eshibhe kakhulu ethengiswayo iSmart Fortwo; intengo yayo idlula ama-euro angu-23.300 futhi akuyona imoto ehlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuhamba zenani elibanzi labantu. Mayelana nezimoto zabagibeli ezihlome nge-plug-in hybrid mechanics, okushibhe kakhulu esingakuthola IHyundai IONIQ; Ngenani elisondele kuma-euro angu-30.000, futhi sibhekene nemoto engenakufinyelelwa yiminotho eminingi yomndeni.
6, 12 noma 48v kodwa yini i-volt?
Ngiyaxolisa kakhulu, kodwa into yokuqala engizoyenza ukubuyela emakilasini ethu esikole samabanga aphezulu ukuze ngikhumbule ezinye ze-physics kagesi ezibalulekile ukuze usiqonde kangcono lesi sihloko.
I-volt yi-a amandla kagesi iyunithi okungachazwa njengomehluko ongaba khona kuyo yonke i-conductor uma i-current ye-ampere eyodwa idla i-watt eyodwa yamandla. Kusukela encazelweni ngokwayo, kungatholakala ukuthi uma sishintsha amandla kagesi kusuka ku-12v kuya ku-48v, uhlelo luzovumela ukufakwa kwezinto ezidinga amandla amakhulu kanye / noma amandla amakhulu.
Ngeke ngithuthukise okuningi kodwa uma ngikucela ngicela ugcine umbono wokuthi Ohlelweni lukagesi, imiqondo efana nokuqina namandla kufanele inakwe..
ukusetshenziswa kukagesi emotweni
Imoto yokuqala engahamba ngayo, eminyakeni eyayingekho emthethweni njengoba kwakutuswa, kwakuyi-Peugeot 505 kusukela ngonyaka ka-80. Le moto yayingenawo amafasitela kagesi, isiteringi sikagesi nanoma yiziphi izinto eziningi zokunethezeka esizibheka njengezibalulekile namuhla. Futhi, ngokungenzi kahle kwenjini, uma ama-beam aphakeme noma i-defogger yefasitela yangemuva ivuliwe, ama-rev ehla kancane futhi ukuzungezisa injini kwaze kwaba nokungazinzi.
Namuhla iningi lethu sihamba ngezimoto ezine-air conditioning, silalela umculo ophuma emishinini yomsakazo, siziqondise nge-navigatorSiphupha ama-digital dashboard afana nalawa aku-BMW G11, sithatha ithuba loku-charger omakhalekhukhwini bethu sisebenzise nama-tablet ukuze abancane bajabule futhi bangasihluphi, into okwathi ngesikhathi sami “yalungiswa” ngenye indlela. kunalokho ngizobalula ukuze ngingaxwayisi izinsiza zezenhlalakahle.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma sisebenzisa imoto sifuna amandla athile okwandayo ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Kodwa futhi ukuthi, ngisho nalapho singasebenzisi imoto, isistimu yemoto yemoto nayo idla ugesi: nakuba singakuqapheli, iwashi liyaqhubeka nokugcina isikhathi, ikhompuyutha yohambo igcina idatha, i-alamu. uqaphile ... Kafushane, lokho imoto yesimanje idla ugesi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ihamba futhi ima.
Yize ibikade isetshenziswa iminyaka engamashumi amabili emhlabeni wezimoto, bekungakaze kube khona amashumi amahlanu ekhulwini elidlule lapho ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu kagesi eyi-12v kwanda kulimaza izinhlelo nge-6v kuphela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, akukaze kube khona ukuhlukahluka mayelana namandla kagesi, nakuba izimoto ziba nenani elikhulu lezinto ze-elekthronikhi.
I-Microhybridization ku-48v
Ukuchaza i-microhybridization ku-48v ukugwema ukweqisa kobuchwepheshe kanye/noma amakilasi etiyetha, ngizoncika esibonelweni engisibheka ikakhulukazi njenge I-micro-hybrid thermal block ehamba phambili okwamanje, injini ye-Mercedes Benz M256.
Leli bhulokhi limele ukubuya kwendlu yenkanyezi ezinjinini ezinamasilinda ayisithupha emgqeni emva kweminyaka yokusebenzisa amabhlokhi amasilinda ayisithupha. Inamandla angama-cubic centimeters angu-2.987 futhi inikezwa ngezinguqulo ezimbili ze-270+16 kanye ne-320+16 kilowatts (367+22 kanye nama-435+22 amahhashi, ngokulandelana). Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuzona nje izinjini ezinamandla kakhulu zokufuduka kwazo, kodwa futhi ziyakwazi ukuletha i-torque engu-500 ne-520 newton metres ku-1.600 kanye ne-1.800 revolutions ngomzuzu, ngokulandelana.
Leli bhulokhi lenjini elisha linesici esilihlukanisayo kusukela kokubili amabhulokhi avamile ashisayo nalawo axubile: Ayinalo uhlobo lwebhande noma iketango kodwa okuhlomisayo uchungechunge lwamamotho kagesi amancane asatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezahlukene zenjini futhi lowo msebenzi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe 48v uhlelo lukagesi. Iqiniso lokuthi awekho amabhande noma amaketanga lenza injini ihambe kahle kakhulu futhi ithule.
I-Starter motor kanye ne-alternator
Le njini entsha yakwaMercedes Benz inogesi otholakala phakathi kwebhulokhi yenjini kanye nogesi osebenza ngebhethri engu-48v futhi ihlanganisa imisebenzi yesiqalisi ne-alternator kudivayisi eyodwa. Mayelana nokusebenza kwayo njengenjini yokuqalisa, lo mshini, abakwaMercedes Benz abawubiza nge-ISG, uzungeza i-crankshaft ngesivinini esingaphansi kwama-revolution angu-550 ngomzuzu (isivinini esingenzi lutho sale njini) ngaphambi kokuba injini yokulawula injini kagesi iqale inqubo yokujova. .
Futhi futhi Ibophezelekile ukuqalisa kabusha ukuzungezisa kwenjini uma isistimu yokuvala injini ezenzakalelayo icushwa uma imiswa (Qala&Stop) kanye nokuvula nokuvala injini yemoto lapho ihamba phakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-50 no-150 ngehora endaweni eyehlayo ngaphandle kokuba umshayeli ecindezele i-accelerator pedali (ukushayela ngomkhumbi). Lesi sici sokugcina ngeke sibe esingacabangeki ngesistimu kagesi engu-12v. Empeleni okokuqala ngihamba ngemoto “ngaphansi kukaseyili” ngangihamba ngeBMW F10 eno-gearbox ozishintshayo we-torque converter kanti nakuba u-gearbox wawunqamuka kodwa injini ayizange ime kodwa ilokhu ijika ngesivinini esingasho lutho.
Eminye imisebenzi ye Lolu cingo oludidiyelwe luzosebenza njengejeneretha kagesi ukuze lushaje ibhethri, ngaleyo ndlela luthathe indawo ye-alternator., kanye nokusebenza njengokusekela injini eshisayo ngesikhathi sezigaba zokusheshisa ngenxa yama-kilowatts angu-16 namamitha angu-250 we-newton enikezayo, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ukuba kuncishiswe ngezikhathi lapho ibhulokhi elishisayo lidinga umnikelo omkhulu wamandla.
I-Sobrealimentación
Le block ye-M256 ifakwe i-twin-scroll turbo kanye ne-compressor kagesi. I-turbo inyakaziswa ukucindezela kwamagesi e-exhaust ngakho-ke idinga injini ukuthi ijike ngenani elithile lama-revolution ukuze umfutho wamagesi e-exhaust akwazi ukunyakazisa ama-turbine blades, ngakho ukusebenza kwawo kuyanda njengoba kunyuka. injini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-compressor ayinyakazi ngebhande eliyivumelanisa ne-crankshaft kodwa ngenxa yenjini kagesi okuthi engxenyeni yesithathu yeshumi yomzuzwana ikwazi ukuletha i-compressor isuke ekuphumuleni iye kuma-revolution angu-70.000 ngomzuzu.
Ezinye izinhlelo
Enye ye izinhlobo esezivele zikhethele i-48v microhybridization kube yi-Audi, ngokufana okuningi ohlelweni olushiwo ngaphambilini lweMercedes Benz. Kodwa-ke, i-premiere yalobu buchwepheshe yenzekile ngokuphuma kwe- I-Audi A8 D5. Lokhu ngikusho ngoba nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-Audi SQ7 4M yasebenzisa i-compressor kagesi engu-48v, empeleni yayine-alternator engu-12v kanye ne-transformer engu-48v ukunika amandla uhlelo lukagesi lwe-compressor.
I-flagship entsha ye-Audi, ngokungafani nayo yonke imigwaqo, ibheja ubuchwepheshe obufana nobeMercedes Benz lapho isistimu kagesi engu-48v iyinhloko, ishiya i-12v isesibili. Nokho kunomehluko omkhulu uma kukhulunywa ngeyokuqala injini. Ngenkathi iMercedes Benz iyiphathisa ohlelweni lwe-ISG, I-Audi igcine isiqalisi ukuqalisa injini cranking ezimweni lokushisa eliphansi.
Suzuki
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule i-brand yaseJapan yathuthukisa i- Uhlelo lwe-SHVS eyakhiwe injini encane kagesi esiza ibhulokhi eshisayo ngesikhathi sokusheshisa futhi inesibopho sokuyivula kabusha imoto ngemuva kokuthi i-Start&Stop yokuvalela okuzenzakalelayo imisiwe. NjengeMercedes Benz noma i-Audi, lolu hlelo alukwazi ukuhambisa imoto ngokwayo, kodwa ngokungafani nangaphambili, i-SHVS isebenza nesistimu kagesi eyi-12v enkulu.
Ama-hybrids "ozosetshenziswa"
Kunomehluko oyisisekelo ongenza ngihlukanise izimoto ezihlanganisiwe esizaziyo kuze kube manje kuma-microhybrids: ngaphambili, injini kagesi iyakwazi ukushayela imoto ngokwayo, kuyilapho. kuma-hybrids akhanyayo injini kagesi isekela injini eshisayo kuphela ngokusheshisa.
Okwamanje noma okuzayo?
Mhlawumbe kokubili. I-Microhybridization noma i-light hybridization isivele ifikile. Njengamanje inikezwa kuphela ngezimoto ezingacabangeki zeningi lomnotho wasekhaya kodwa ngilokotha ukusho ukuthi, njengoba kwenzeka ngentuthuko enkulu yezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni wezimoto, izonwetshwa kancane kancane iye kumasegimenti aziwa kakhulu ekubeni uhlelo oluphakathi nendawo phakathi kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi namamotho kagesi ahlanzekile.
Khumbula, isibonelo, ukuthi ngo-1989 kuphela u-0% wezimoto ezintsha ezibhaliswe eSpain ezazinama-anti-lock brakes, ngo-6 ingxenye yezimoto ezibhalisiwe yayinayo futhi ngo-1998 yaba yimpoqo. Konke kusesikhathini...
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