I-crankcase yilapho ifakwa khona Amafutha ophethe i ukugcoba injini. Ngakho-ke, inomumo ofana nowebhakede noma ubhavu omncane oboshwe phansi enjinini. Ngenhla kwakhe nje kukhona i-crankshaft, the izinduku zokuxhuma futhi ngaphezu kwe izibhamu.
Isizathu esenza ukuthi ibe sezingeni eliphansi kakhulu enjini yingoba uwoyela ugcina uwele khona ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi. I iphampu yamafutha imunca amafutha kuyo ize iyofika phezulu enjinini, kodwa ihlale iwela ku-crankcase uma isiyigcobe zonke izingxenye. Ngale ndlela wenza a umjikelezo ogcina injini igcotshiwe ngaso sonke isikhathi.
izingxenye ze-crankcase
upper casing
I-crankcase yenjini ingahlukaniswa ibe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibaluleke kakhulu. Owokuqala wabo ubizwa i-crankcase ephezulu noma i-crankshaft. kumele ube neyodwa ukuqina okuphezulu njengoba wonke amandla nokudlidliza okukhiqizwa ukuhamba kwenjini kuyayithinta. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kufanele yenziwe ngezinto ezinhle eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle komhlangano wezimoto.
sump ephansi
Ingxenye yesibili ibizwa ngokuthi i-crankcase ephansi kumbe amafutha. Lesi siqeshana sigxiliswe kodlule ngenxa yezikulufu ezithile futhi yisona esinomumo webhakede. Phakathi kwe-pan yamafutha kanye ne-crankshaft kukhona i-gasket yokuqinisekisa ukuqina komhlangano nokuvimbela uwoyela ukuba ungaphumi.
i-gasket nezikulufa
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuvuza kwamafutha lapho kuhlangana khona izingxenye, i-sump Izohlala ifika ne-gasket ehambisanayo nezikulufa.. Nakuba umhlangano ubonakala ulula, zonke izikulufu kufanele zibe iqiniswe ngetorque ekhonjiswe umenzi, njengoba uma sihamba kakhulu singakhubaza i-crankcase futhi sidale izikhala lapho uwoyela elahleka khona.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-crankcase ine- isikulufu lapho amafutha azokhishwa khona lapho uzoshintsha. Ingxenye ebaluleke ngokulinganayo okufanele ihlolwe njalo ukuvuza kwamafutha.
ikhava yemoto sump
Nakuba ingeyona ingxenye ye-crankcase ngokwayo, ibalulekile ivikele emiphumeleni engase ibe khona okwenzeka ngenkathi ushayela. Ocezwini lwefayibha, ipulasitiki noma insimbi evimbela i-crankcase ukuthi ingachayeka ezintweni ezingalungile phansi, amatshe noma ezinye izakhi ezingalimaza.
Ukusebenza kwe-crankcase yenjini
Naphezu kokubonakala kwayo kulula, i-crankcase injalo yakhelwe ngezimo ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamafutha. Ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufinyelelwa ukuthi i iphampu yamafutha Ungamunca inani lamafutha adingekayo ukugcoba okulungile yenjini yemoto yethu.
Iphampu kawoyela ivamise ukuba sengxenyeni ephansi ye-crankcase ukuze ikwazi ncela emafutheni adingekayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma kwenzeka injini yethu inowoyela omncane, iphampu ngeke ikwazi ukumunca uwoyela, ngakho-ke singangena engozini yokuthi injini ibambe.
Ukuma kwayo kubuye kuklanywe ngendlela yokuthi I-inertia yamajika inqamula ukunikezwa kwamafutha kancane ngangokunokwenzeka ebhomu Kufanele uqonde ukuthi imoto ingaba ngaphansi kwe-G-force enamandla kakhulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi uwoyela ukhukhulekele ohlangothini olulodwa futhi ungase ungafinyeleli lapho kudonsa khona iphampu. Ezimotweni lapho lo mphumela ubonakala kakhulu, njengezimoto zezemidlalo, kusetshenziswa uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-dry sump.
sump eyomile
Isistimu ye-sump eyomile iqeda inkinga yokunikezwa kukawoyela ebangelwa ukungahambi kahle kwamakhona aqine kakhulu, ukusheshisa kanye nokubhuleka. Ukusebenza kwayo kusekelwe buthelela amafutha ethangini elihlukile, esikhundleni se-crankcase. Ngakho igama layo sump dry.
Ngaphakathi kwaleli thangi, uwoyela uyavinjelwa ukuthi unganyakazi ngokwedlulele ngama-G force ngenxa yamanye amapuleti ama-baffle. Iphampu kawoyela njalo munca wonke amafutha mayewela kucrankcase ngamandla angaphezu kwawafaka enjinini. Ngale ndlela, ithangi lihlala linawo wonke amafutha atholakalayo.
Njengoba imuncwa kanzima, iphinde imunce umoya ku-crankcase. Kodwa lena isuswa ngokubonga a isihlukanisi sesiphepho, okungeyona into engaphezu kwefaneli ekhiqiza i-vortex ngamafutha ngaphandle nomoya ngaphakathi. Njengoba iba mncane futhi iba mncane, iqeda igebe lomoya ngaphakathi kwayo. Kuvidiyo elandelayo ungabona ukuthi isethi isebenza kanjani ngokucacile:
Izinjini ezi-2-stroke azinayo i-crankcase
Nakuba kuyisici esivamile, akuzona zonke izinjini ezine-sump. Ngokwesibonelo, izinjini ezimbili-stroke abanayo crankcase ngoba amafutha ahlinzekwa exutshwe nophethiloli nomoya. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile basebenzisa uwoyela omningi kunenjini enamasondo amane. I-crankshaft yayo ingaphakathi kwegumbi eliyisilinda elingashiyi noma yisiphi isikhala ngaphakathi. Kuyimoto ejwayelekile kakhulu kuma-mopeds nasemishinini yezimboni.
Amaphutha ku-crankcase
Ukuqhekeka noma ukuphuka
Ukuba yinto elula kangaka, ukuwohloka kwe-crankcase ngokuvamile ibhekisela ekuqhekekeni okuthile noma ekuqhekekeni kukhiqizwa ngokushaywa noma ukuvuza kwamafutha nge-gasket ngenxa yokufakwa kabi. Kulezi zimo, okuvame kakhulu ukuyishintsha kube entsha. Nokho, kukhona amanye amaphutha okungenzeka ahlobene nayo, njengokwenyuka kwengcindezi ku-crankcase kuzo zombili izinjini zikadizili nekaphethiloli. Isimo lapho ezinye izakhi zingenelela futhi okuvamise ukuba wuphawu lwephutha kwenye ingxenye yenjini.
ingcindezi ye-crankcase
Ukuze uqonde le nkinga yokugcina, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi injini isebenza kanjani futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo akuphelele. Ngezinga lokushisa elifinyelelwe ngamafutha kukhiqizwa umhwamuko Uma ziyekwa zingahloliwe, zingakhuphula ngokweqile ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwe-crankcase futhi zidale ukulahlekelwa ukucinana nezinye izinkinga.
Lokho kungesinye sezizathu ezenza izinjini zesimanje zine- I-valve ye-PVC noma i-positive crankcase ventilation. Lokhu kungumthwalo wemfanelo wokuqeda leyo ngcindezi eyeqile futhi iwabuyisele endaweni ethatha imoto, ukuze ashiswe emotweni. amagumbi omlilo. Ngale ndlela, ukukhishwa kwamagesi ayingozi emvelweni nakubantu kuyagwenywa. Uma le valve ingasebenzi kahle, umfutho we-crankcase ungakhuphuka kakhulu, okubangele izinkinga ezinkulu zenjini.
Ngaphezu kwemfucumfucu kawoyela, ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwe-crankcase kungakhuphuka nangezinye izindlela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amakamelo abo omlilo asebenza kahle kangakanani, ahlala njalo izolahlekelwa ukucindezela okuthile phakathi kwamasongo e-piston namasilinda. Ingcindezi edlulela ngaphakathi kwe-crankcase. Uma ukucaciswa kwama-pistons kudlulele, lokho kucindezela kuyoqala, okwenza i-valve ye-PVC isebenze kanzima.
Intengo yokushintsha i-Crankcase
Uma ngenxa yanoma yisiphi isizathu kufanele ushintshe i-crankcase yenjini yakho, kufanele wazi ukuthi ilula kakhulu, kodwa kuyanconywa ukuthi yenziwe ngochwepheshe. Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, izikulufi kufanele ziqiniswe ngetorque enconywe umenzi ukuze kugwenywe ukonakala kwensimbi okungadala ukuvuza. Intengo yokushintshwa kwayo iphakathi kwama-euro ayi-150 nama-400. Nakuba lobu bubanzi bungeqiwa kwamanye amamodeli we-premium noma wezemidlalo. Uma kuphela i-gasket izoshintshwa, intengo ingaba ephansi kakhulu, kodwa iyanconywa hlanza kahle i-crankcase ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubekwa kwayo kufana ne-hermetic ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isithombe 4 – Graham Robertson