Iqhaza Lamavalvu Enjini

Uma siqala imoto asijwayele ukuqaphela izinqubo eziningi zemishini okufanele zenzeke ukuze injini isebenze. Lokhu kunikezwa ngenxa yesidlo kanye nomsebenzi ohlanganyelwe wezingcezu ezingenakubalwa nezingxenye ezihambayo ezisebenza ngendlela ehambisanayo. Enye yalezi zici ama-valve enjini ngoba ngaphandle kwabo bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthola amandla adingekayo enjinini.

Ayini ama-valve enjini?

Ama-valve enjini yiwona izakhi zensimbi ezivumela ukungena ku- amagumbi omlilo yengxube ye-fuel-air kanye nokuphuma kuyo kwamagesi ekhiqizwa ukuqhuma kwayo. Ngaphandle kwalezi zakhi zemishini, ukusebenza kwenjini bekungeke kwenzeke njengoba ukunyakaza kwayo kubalulekile ukuze kube namandla adingekayo ukuhambisa amasondo azokhiqizwa.

Ngokwesakhiwo, i-valve yakhiwe nge-a ingxenye ende ebizwa ngokuthi i-spigot noma umsila wevalvu (imvamisa isiqu) nenye ingxenye ephezulu ebizwa ngekhanda (ipuleti noma ikhanda levalvu). Ukwenziwa kwayo, kusetshenziswa izinto ezixubile njengoba kumele zimelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu emjikelezweni wazo wokusebenza (kufika ku-1000º centigrade).

Uyini umsebenzi wangempela wamavalvu enjinini?

Umsebenzi wangempela uyisisekelo kakhulu futhi ulula. Baphethe lawula uphethiloli kanye nokudla komoya (ingxube yamafutha nomoya) kusilinda. Ngemva ukuqhuma ingxube by the ukucindezela kwepiston Yizona ezivumela ukuphuma kwamagesi aphuma kulokhu kuqhuma.

Atholakala kuphi enjinini ama-valve?

Ngokobuchwepheshe zitholakala ekhanda lesilinda (eyaziwa ngokuthi isinqa). Ingxenye ebanzi (ikhanda levalvu) ihlezi phezu kwekepisi ilingana kahle ukuze ivale kahle isilinda. Ingxenye engezansi noma induku itholakala ngaphakathi komhlahlandlela, izikhawulela ekuqedeni ukunyakaza kokuvula nokuvala okuyalwe i-camshaft kanye nemithombo.

Ingabe wonke ama-valve enjini ayafana?

Cha, impendulo ithi cha. I-valve yokukhipha (lapho ingxube ingena khona) inkulu kune-valve yokukhipha umoya (lapho amagesi ephuma khona). Isizathu salobu bukhulu obuhlukile kungenxa yezimo lapho ukungenisa nokukhipha kwenzeka khona. Ukucindezela lapho ingxube ingena khona iyafana naleyo ekhona emkhathini, ngakho ubukhulu bayo bukhulu ukuze kuvunyelwe inqubo.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ingxube isivele yaqhuma, amagesi asezingeni eliphezulu, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukuba ubukhulu bawo bube bukhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi kunomehluko ezintweni ezikhiqizwa ngazo. Ivalvu yokudonsa imelana cishe no-200º centigrade kanye nevalve yokukhipha umoya icishe ibe ngu-700º centigrade, ngakho izingxenye zayo zimelana kakhulu kunezokuqala.

Okokugcina, ukuze sihlukanise kahle uhlobo olulodwa lwe-valve kwenye kufanele senze kuphela buka ubukhulu bekhanda lakho nokuma kwalo. Siyazi ukuthi lezi ezithathayo zinekhanda elikhudlwana kodwa futhi liyisicaba ngaphambili, nokho lezi ezikhipha ama-exhaust, ngaphezu kokuba nekhanda elincanyana, zinesimo esifana ne-conic ngaphambili.

I-athikili ehlobene:

thatha kaningi futhi ukhiphe kaningi

Kwenzekani uma i-valve ilimele?

Uma i-valve iphuka, into yokuqala ezokwenzeka ukuthi ukuqhuma noma ukuxoshwa kwamagesi ngeke kwenzeke ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokungaphumuli i-valve kahle embozweni yenjini, amagesi azovuza ngakho-ke ukucindezela nokungalingani kokushisa kuzokwenzeka, okubangela ukuwohloka okukhulu.

Inkinga enkulu ama-valve okufanele abhekane nayo ukupholisa kwawo okuncane noma akukho nhlobo, ngoba uma injini igcotshwe kahle abukho ubungozi bokwehluleka. Ukuxazulula iphutha lalolu hlobo kunezindleko eziguquguqukayo, ngoba kuzoncika ekutheni zehluleke kanjani kanye nomonakalo owenzekile enjinini. Izindleko zeyunithi yevalvu ziphansi kakhulu, njengoba ishibhile ukuyikhiqiza; nokho, inani lokugcina lizohluka kuye ngohlobo lwevalvu kanye nenkinga etholiwe.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukulahlekelwa amandla emoto: izimbangela nezixazululo

Impela

Ama-valve ayizici ezinomsebenzi olula wokuvala nokuvula imigudu yokungena kanye ne-exhaust yamagesi, anomsebenzi oyinhloko ekushiseni kwe- ingxube ye-air-fuel.

Njengamanje, ama-valve amukelwa kabanzi yilawo abizwa ngokuthi «ipuleti», ngenxa yawo umumo wepuleti ohlanekezelwe engxenyeni yayo ebalulekile, okungukuthi, leyo evula futhi ivale imigudu.

Kusukela maphakathi okufanayo kuqala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "spike", a isandiso se-cylindrical esihambisa i-valve, nakuba ihlelo «elingakahleleki» lokubiza Ikhanda ku-valve plate, futhi I-Cola ku-spike

Zenziwa inhlaka futhi ngomshini izinsimbi ezikhethekile, ngoba lokho okufunwayo ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu ukuthi amagesi afinyelela ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwawo.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-exhaust nama-valve okukhipha

I-Las umehluko wokushisa phakathi kokukhipha kanye nokudla vumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-alloys akhethekile kuma-valve okukhipha amandla (amelana ne- 1000 degree centigrade)

Ngaphezu kokungabizi kakhulu ukwenza, lawa ma-valve ayakuvumela indawo encane yokuhamba, ukungqubuzana okuncane kanye nesimo esifanele ukuhamba kahle kwegesi.

I-drawback kuphela abanayo ukupholisa okuncane noma akukho benzani.

Izithombe – Henri Bergius, Mirko Junge, lw5315us