Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter

El I-multimeter, i-polymer o umhloli Kuyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu lemisebenzi eminingi ye-auto mechanic. Ngaphandle kokuqhubekela phambili, yikho okusetshenziselwa ukwazi ukuthi ibhethri isesimweni esihle yini noma uma lokhu noma leyo nto yemoto ithola amandla amanje.

En Actualidad Motor Uzothola inombolo enkulu yeziqondiso zesitayela "zenza ngokwakho". Ngakho-ke, lapha futhi sichaza indlela yokusebenzisa i-multimeter, njengoba kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ungene kancane noma iliphi isheke noma ukulungisa ofuna ukukwenza

Ividiyo yokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter

Hlola ibhethri lemoto

Siqala ngokubuyekeza ukusebenza okuvamile, noma ngenxa yokuthi ibhethri isondela ku- ukuphela kwempilo noma isikhathi eside nemoto yama. Ibhethri liphuma kancane kancane, ngaphandle kwe- enye indawo ube nethuba lokuyilayisha futhi.

Njengoba amabhethri e-lead-acid empofu kakhulu ekukhipheni cishe ngokuphelele, angaba angasebenziseki. Kuvidiyo elandelayo ungabona ukuthi ungabheka kanjani ibhethri nge-multimeter:

Njengoba ubona, lezi yizinyathelo ezilula kakhulu futhi eziphephile, inqobo nje uma uzilandela ngokucophelela. Imayelana nokulinganisa i-voltage yebhethri uma ishajwe kahle. Ngakho-ke, kuyachazwa nokuthi ungayibheka kanjani i-alternator ngaphambi nje kwalokho. Lokhu kuveza ukuthi inkinga ukuthi ayikwazi ukushaja ibhethri.

Siphinde sikutshele ngokubhala ukuthi ungazihlola kanjani nge-multimeter. Kuyinto idivayisi eshibhile kakhulu futhi izinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe zilula kakhulu:

1. Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukulungisa i-multimeter yalo msebenzi othize:
   •  Khetha ububanzi bokulinganisa 20V DC. Kuma-multimeters, lolu hlobo lwamanje luvame ukuboniswa uhlamvu V, lulandelwa umugqa omude onomugqa odeshi ngaphansi kwawo. Futhi nezinhlamvu DCV, okusho ukuthi Direct Current Voltage.
   •  Uzobona ukuthi i-multimeter inokuxhumana okuningana lapho ungafaka khona izintambo. Ukuhlola ibhethri lemoto, kufanele ubeke i ikhebula negro emgodini ojwayelekile (COM) kanye ucingo olubomvu emgodini we-volts (V). Ku-voltmeter yethu kubonisiwe I-VOHz, okungukuthi, leyo esetshenziswa ukukala i-voltage, ukumelana noma imisinga. Nakuba zingahlanganiswa ngezinye izindlela. Okubalulekile kuwe ukuthi ubeke u-V.
2. Manje sekuyisikhathi sokulungiselela imoto ngoba ibhethri kufanele ishajwe ukuze ubone isimo sayo sangempela. Uma kungenjalo ingase ibukeke sengathi imoshekile, lapho isikhishwe kancane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ujikeleze nemoto cishe imizuzu engama-20. Ukuze ube sohlangothini oluphephile, okungcono kakhulu ongakwenza ukuletha isivinini esingaguquki siye cishe ku-2.000 noma ku-2.500 rpm.
3. Into abantu abaningi abajwayele ukuyikhohlwa wukuthi kufanele uyikhohlwe khipha ibhethri kancane ngaphambi kwesilinganiso. Ungalinda cishe ihora, kodwa uma ungafuni ukuthatha isikhathi eside kangako, ukukhanyisa izibani umzuzu owodwa noma emibili injini icishiwe kwanele. Lokhu kuqeda imiphumela eyiphutha yohlolo ozoyenza ngokulandelayo.
   

4. Vala noma iyiphi idivayisi oyivule emotweni ngesikhathi sesinyathelo sangaphambilini. Vula ihood bese uthola ibhethri.
5. Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukusebenzisa i-multimeter. beka i iziqeshana zengwenya noma imikhondo yokuhlola ukuthintana namatheminali yebhethri. Njengenjwayelo, ngokuhlonipha izigxobo: umnyama unegethivu futhi kufanele uye kutheminali enegethivu futhi obomvu, okuyiphozithivu, kufanele uye kutheminali ephozithivu yebhethri. Isexwayiso: qiniseka ukuthi bayithinta ngokuphelele insimbi. Uma kukhona ukungcola noma amatheminali afakwe i-sulphate, isilinganiso singase singabi esilungile.
6. Inani lizovela esikrinini se-voltmeter okuyikhona okukusiza ukuthi wazi isimo sebhethri:

• Uma ibhethri lingaphakathi isimo esihle,aphume phakathi kwe-12V kanye ne-13V. Nakuba izoba sesimweni esihle kuphela uma iseduze no-13 V.
• uma sekuphelile ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza, inombolo izosondela kakhulu ku-12V.
• Yebo maka ngaphansi kwe-12V, isimo sebhethri sesivele siqala ukuba khona indawo.
• Esimweni esivele sikhona ifinyelela ku-10V, kusho ukuthi ibhethri selingenile izimo ezimbi kakhulu futhi cishe kuyodingeka ukushintshe.

Uma ufuna ukujula ngesihloko, ungabheka lesi sihloko esilandelayo:

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ungalibheka kanjani ibhethri lemoto kanye ne-alternator

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter ukukala i-voltage (V)

Iqiniso liwukuthi i-multimeter ayisetshenziselwa ukuhlola isimo sebhethri kuphela. Kuwukhiye futhi ekutholeni amaphutha, inqobo nje uma ehlobene nogesi. Isilinganiso se-voltage ye-electric current senziwa, isibonelo, lapho i- uphethiloli gauge ayisebenzi uma i- uphondo luphukile noma ngisho nasezinkingeni ezithinta ukusebenza kwenjini njenge Isilinganiso senzwa ye-MAF asilungile.

Ukukala i-voltage yamanje nge-multimeter kufanele landela izinyathelo ezimbalwa kufana kakhulu nokuhlola ibhethri.

1. Lungiselela umhloli ngendlela efanele. Okusho ukuthi, kufanele ucabangele uma isebenza nge-current eqondile noma eshintshanayo nokuthi iyiphi i-voltage elindelekile. Uma uzokala, ngokwesibonelo, umsinga ofinyelela ophondweni lwemoto, kuyinto evamile ukuthi ibe yamanje eqondile kanye no-12 V. Ngakho-ke kufanele uyimise endaweni engu-20 V yendawo ephawulwe ngohlamvu V olulandelwayo. ngomugqa omude onokunye okubenyezelayo ngezansi (noma i-DCV). Uma uzokala umsinga oshintshanayo ophakela uhlelo lokukhanyisa, isibonelo, kufanele ubeke i-multimeter endaweni ephawulwe ngohlamvu V∼. Yize ingaphinda ikhonjiswe ngesifinyezo esithi ACV, esimele i-Alternate Current Voltage.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ubeke amatheminali, amathiphu noma izinsimbi ye-multimeter yakho ngendlela yokuthi ithinte izintambo okufanele zibe namanje. Isibonelo, izintambo eziholela ophondweni lwemoto noma amathebhu esokhethi yesibani (izinkinga zezibani).
   Ngaso sonke isikhathi uhlonipha i-polarity ephozithivu nenegethivu, nakuba ezikhathini eziningi uzothola kuphela ikhebuli ephozithivu futhi enegethivu noma engathathi hlangothi kuyishidi lensimbi yemoto. Esimeni lapho idinga ukwenziwa kusebenze, ungakhohlwa ukuvula idivayisi eshiwo. Isibonelo, cindezela inkinobho yophondo ukuze ubone ukuthi ikhona yini i-voltage.
3. Uma lokhu sekwenziwe, uzokwazi ukubona ukuthi iyawuthola yini ugesi noma cha engxenyeni yemoto okukhulunywa ngayo, ngoba inani lizovela esikrinini. Futhi, njengoba usebenzisa i-multimeter, uzokwazi ukwazi umfutho wamanje ofinyelela kuwo. Uma ingaphansi noma ingaphezulu kunalokho okubonisiwe, usuvele uyazi ukuthi kungani idivayisi eshiwo isebenza ngokungalungile.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter ukukala ukuqina (A)

Njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, i-multimeter ingasetshenziswa ukukala amanani ahlukahlukene kagesi. Ngamanye amazwi, ngaphezu kokuba i-voltmeter (icala langaphambilini), ingaphinda isebenze njenge-ammeter, ukukala ukuqina kwamanje. Lokhu kwenziwa, isibonelo, ukuhlola ukuthi imoto isebenzisa ugesi ngendlela engavamile. Ukulinganisa ukushuba, izinyathelo zihlukile:

1. Setha i-multimeter. Khetha isimanje esiqondile noma esishintshayo kanye ne-amperage elindelekile (A). Uma uzokala, isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okungejwayelekile kwebhethri uma imoto ivaliwe, kumayelana namandla aqondile kanye no-10 A (Amps). Kuye nge-multimeter, leli nani lingaba ngu-20 A, 30 A, 40 A, njll. 5 A noma ngaphansi kungase kube kuncane kakhulu. Ikhebula elimnyama liya echwebeni le-COM futhi ikhebula elibomvu kufanele liye echwebeni le-multimeter elibonisa leli nani. Akwanele nje ukukhetha imodi efanele esikrinini noma isondo lokukhetha. Isibonelo, ku-multimeter esithombeni esingenhla kuzoba yileyo ethi 10 A.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ubeke amatheminali, amathiphu noma izinsimbi ye-multimeter yakho ngendlela yokuthi ithinte izintambo okufanele zibe namanje. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani ne-voltage (V), enamanje (A) kuyadingeka ukuvula isifunda ukuze uthole inani elifanele. Isibonelo, esibonelweni esifanayo sokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, kufanele unqamule ikhebula elinegethivu ebhethrini lemoto bese ufaka i-clamp noma ithiphu kutheminali futhi enye kukhebuli exegayo. Lokhu kuphoqa ukuthi i-current idlule ku-multimeter ukuze ikwazi ukukala kahle.
3. Uma lokhu sekwenziwe, uzokwazi ukubona ukuthi kudlula umfutho wamanje kangakanani ngesekhethi kagesi eshiwo. Kolandelayo ividiyo Sikubonisa ukuthi ungahlola kanjani ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okungavamile, ukuze ube ne isibonelo esihle sendlela yokusebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala ama-amps:

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala ukumelana (Ω)

Ukulinganisa ukumelana nakho kuyisici Iwusizo ekulungiseni ukuphuka kwemoto noma omunye umsebenzi kagesi. Isibonelo esihle salokhu ukuhlola ikhoyili yokuthungela. Ukumelana kwayo kuvame ukuhluka kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-5 ohms, ngokuvutha okusebenzisa i-breaker, futhi kusukela ku-0,3 kuya ku-1 ohm, kumakhoyili okuvutha nge-elekthronikhi. Amanani angaphandle kwalawa mabanga angabonisa iphutha.

Izinyathelo zokusebenzisa i-multimeter ukuze ukukala ukumelana kukagesi Yilezi:

1. Njengokuvamile, kufanele ulungiselele i-multimeter yomsebenzi owenzayo. Kulokhu, kufanele ukhethe eyodwa yamanani ku- indawo yokumelana, okukhonjiswa ngohlamvu olukhulu lwesiGreki elithi omega (Ω). Umsebenzi ngamunye uzoba nenani lawo elifanele, kodwa ubuyela emuva esibonelweni sokuhlola i- ikhoyili: kufanele ukhethe 200 Ama-Ohms. Njengoba sike sakutshela ngaphambilini, amanani abazokunika wona aphansi kakhulu futhi kufanele ukhethe ibanga elincane kakhulu.
2. beka ucingo omnyama ekuxhumaneni okuvamile (COM) nayo emnyama nentambo obomvu lapho ibeka khona I-VOHz (bomvu).
3. Uma usuqedile, kufanele ubeke ama-clamp noma imikhondo yokuhlola ye-multimeter lapho idingeka khona: umkhondo, amathebhu afanelekile wekhoyili, njll.
4. Ngaleso sikhathi izokunikeza ukumelana kukagesi kwama-conductor aphethe ukushaja. Ngakho-ke noma kuphi lapho uzibeka khona, izokunikeza inani okufanele libe ngaphakathi kwemingcele eyamukelekayo. Isibonelo, 0,3 kuya ku-1 ohms kusukela kukhoyili yokuthungela, noma uma ukala ukumelana kwehhanisi lezintambo, kufanele libe ngu-0,01 ohms.

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala ukuqhubeka

Lo msebenzi we-multimeter uwusizo kakhulu ukuthola ama-fuse sika, sika amakhoyili, ama-heaters ahlanganisiwe, njll. Ngamafuphi, kuyisilinganiso sokwazi ukuthi ukuxhuma kwesekethe kagesi kuphazamisekile yini. Isixwayiso esibalulekile: ungalokothi uyisebenzise kumasekethe abukhoma, ngoba ungalimaza i-multimeter. Okusho ukuthi, ungalokothi kumabhethri, amajeneretha, ama-capacitor ashajiwe, izintambo lapho kukhona i-voltage, njll.

Ukuze uhlole ukuqhubeka udinga nje ukulandela i- izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Setha kahle i-multimeter: Ikhetha umsebenzi wokuqhubeka, ovame ukuboniswa uphawu lwesipikha noma umcibisholo onomugqa oqondile ekugcineni.
• beka ucingo omnyama ekuxhumaneni okuvamile (COM) kanye nocingo obomvu ekuxhumekeni I-VOHz.
• I-Asegúrate ukuthi ngeke wenze lokhu kuhlola kunoma yini ene-voltage.
• Beka iziqeshana noma amathiphu ukuthintana nesekhethi, amathebhu ensimbi nanoma iyiphi itheminali ofuna ukwenza kuyo isivivinyo. Uma kukhona ukuqhubeka ibhiphu izokhala, uma kungenjalo imitha izohlala ithule. Qaphela: uma ukumelana kuphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-30 Ohms) ngeke kukhale futhi.

Esilandelayo ividiyo ungabona ukuthi i-multimeter isabela kanjani lapho ithola ukuqhubeka nalapho ingakuboni noma kunokumelana okukhulu:

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter yedijithali ne-analog

Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ubonile, kokubili ekuhloleni isimo sebhethri nakwezinye ezihlobene neyamanje, sikhulume nge isikrini se-multimeter. Lisho ukuthini digital. Kuzo umane ukhethe imodi ofuna ukuyikhetha bese kuvela izinombolo ezikhombisa inani elifanele.

Uzobona ukuthi eziningi zalezi multimeters, multimeters noma abahloli, ukukhethwa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa a inkinobho ejikelezayo. Nokho, akulula kanjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kukhona lezo okufanele ufake kuzo imenyu yokucushwa noma Imodi bese ukhetha ipharamitha ngayinye. Kunoma yikuphi, inkinga eyengeziwe incane futhi uzokwazi ukuyisingatha ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngokulandela imiyalelo. Okubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi inketho ngayinye ingeyani.

Endabeni I-analog multimeter, ukukhethwa kuyohlale kukhona ne inkinobho ejikelezayo. Isici sayo esincane ukuthi inoyedwa kuphela inaliti ephawula izinga elithile kanye nenqwaba yezikali ezehlukene ngemuva kwayo. Ukuze ugweme amaphutha, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka esikalini esifanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Faka enye indlela, uma uhlola ukumelana okumakwe ngohlamvu lwesiGreki u-Ω kububanzi obungu-200, ungadideki bese ubheka i-Voltage (V).

Indlela yokwazi ukuthi iyiphi inombolo okufanele uyikhethe

Ukwazi ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-Voltage, Resistance, Amps, Continuity, njll, unesigamu somsebenzi owenziwe. Kodwa-ke, kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi yiliphi inani ongakhetha kulo kulezi zinketho. Impendulo ithi inombolo encane edlula inani elilindelekile. Isibonelo: uma silindele cishe i-12 V ebhethri, kufanele sikhethe i-20 V, okuyindlela ephansi kakhulu edlula i-12 V.

Uma sikhetha inketho okungukuthi ngaphansi kwevelu elindelekile, i-multimeter ngeke ibike noma iyiphi idatha esikrinini. Isibonelo, uma sikhetha i-200 V ku-knob ejikelezayo noma esikrinini, kodwa sizokala ngepulaki yasekhaya engu-240 V, i-multimeter ngeke ikwazi ukukala ukuthi siyinikeza ini.

Uma sikhetha inketho inkulu kakhulu kulokho esizokukala, i-multimeter izokala kabi noma inganikezeli ngedatha, kuye ngokuthi yini esiyikhethile.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ishajwa kanjani ibhethri lemoto: ishaja, isilondolozi noma isiqalisi

Isiqeshana sengwenya noma ama-multimeter aholayo wokuhlola

Uma i-multimeter yakho inezinketho zombili, kungcono kakhulu.. I ama-tweezers zifaneleka kakhulu amasheke njenge ibhethri lemoto, ngenxa nje yokunethezeka ukuthi bahlale beqinile. Nakuba ungasebenzisa futhi imikhondo yokuhlola ejwayelekile enabanye ama-spikes ensimbi abukhali. Umehluko kuphela kungaba ukuthi kuzodingeka usekele i-multimeter kwenye indawo engxenyeni yenjini bese ubeka lawa macebiso ukuthintana namatheminali ngezandla zombili.

Kufanele ukhethe i-multimeter efanelekile ngokuya ngamasheke ozowenza emotweni. Uma isheke lisesikhaleni esincane kakhulu, njenge-relay slot, ama-tweezers ngeke akusize ngalutho ngoba ngeke alingane. Kuleyo misebenzi kukhona izintambo zokuhlola, ezilinganayo amathiphu of ukujiya ezahlukene.

Izithombe 1, 3, 5 kanye no-6 – Gareth Halfacree, Paul Schultz, Sebastian Włoszek, Arthur Becker Simões