Uyishayela kanjani imoto nge automatic transmission

Yize iningi lezimoto zabagibeli ezimakethwa e-Europe ziseno-gearbox oshintshwayo, kuyiqiniso ukuthi ayanda amakhasimende akhetha ukuthenga ukudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo. Futhi kunengqondo, ngoba imoto othomathikhi njalo ukhululeke kakhudlwana futhi kulula ukushayela.

Kodwa-ke, ubusha kanye neqiniso lokubhekana nento esingajwayele ukusethusa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma sihlala sishayela izimoto ezishintshwayo, kujwayelekile ukuthi sibe novalo lokuthatha ezishintshayo. Ungakhathazeki, kulula kakhulu. Kulesi sihloko sizokunikeza amathiphu okuthi ungayishayela kanjani imoto ezenzakalelayo.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezimoto ezizenzakalelayo nezamabhukwana

Into yokuqala okumele siyiqaphele umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemoto eshintshwayo kanye ne-automatic ngokwemibandela izilawuli zokushayela. Kulula futhi kulula. Esikhundleni sokuba namaphedali amathathu, sinamabili, kahle i-clutch pedal isusiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengomthetho ojwayelekile, i- i-brake pedal kwandisa indawo yayo.

Ngokwengxenye yayo, i i-gear lever nayo ishintsha ukwakheka kwayo futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nendawo yayo. Esikhundleni sokuba ne-lever yendabuko, sivame ukuba ne-bulkier lever. Ukuthi yebo, lokhu sekuvele kusele ezandleni zabaklami yenkampani ngoba into esetshenziswa kancane kakhulu kunezimotweni ezenziwe ngesandla, ayidingi ukuba i-ergonomic kangako.

Amanye amamodeli akwaToyota (esithombeni esisekhanda sesikhethi segiya iToyota Prius), ngokwesibonelo, ancishiswe kakhulu ngosayizi. KwaMercedes kujwayelekile ukuthi izimoto ezizishintshayo zibe ne-gear lever njengesathelayithi control yesiteringi, esihlala esandleni sokudla, lapho kuvamise ukuhamba khona ama-wiper control. Endabeni yakwaMercedes, sidinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokuzivumelanisa nale ndawo, okuyinto engeyona eyemvelo kubantu baseYurophu. Ezinye izimoto ezifana ne-Alfa Romeo 4C, esikhundleni se-lever, zine "keys" ku-centre console ukukhetha ukusebenza komshini.

Indawo ngayinye yesivikelo segiya yenzani?

Ku izinsimbi zokukhetha zokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo, kuye ngohlobo, imodeli kanye nenguqulo yemishini, singathola izikhundla ezahlukene. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:

• P: Indawo ethi “P” isho ukuthi “Parking”. I-transmission ikhiyiwe futhi kufanele sikhethe leyo ndawo yegiya lever uma sipaka imoto yethu. Singakwazi ukuyivula uma imoto imile, sicindezela ibhuleki kanye nenkinobho yokuphepha ku-lever uqobo. Yize imoto ingeke ikwazi ukuhamba kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ibambe ibhuleki lokupaka ukuze i-locking pawl ye-transmission ingaphazamiseki. Izimoto eziningi ngeke zisivumele ukuthi siqale injini uma singekho ku-gearbox kule ndawo.

• R: Uma sivula indawo ethi “R” sikhetha i- marcha atrás. Ngokufanayo, singahambisa i-lever kuphela ku-"R" imoto imiswe ngokuphelele, sicindezela i-pedal yebhuleki kanye nenkinobho yokuphepha ku-lever yegiya. Uma sidedela ibhuleki, imoto izoqala ukuhlehla ngesivinini esiphansi, kube sengathi sifakwe igiya elingemuva kanye ne-half clutch emotweni eshintshwayo.
• N: Igama elithi “N” limele “i-neutral”, okungukuthi, I-Deadpoint. I-transmission ihlukanisiwe kusuka enjini futhi, ngakho-ke, ngisho noma sisheshisa, imoto ngeke ihambe naphezu kokuthi injini eshisayo izokhuphuka ngokushintshashintsha. Ngokujwayelekile, nakuba kuncike emotweni ngayinye, ukusuka ku-"R" uye ku-"N" kuzodingeka sicindezele ibhuleki kanye nenkinobho yokuphepha ku-lever. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ku- "N" kuya ku- "D", futhi kusukela ku- "D" kuya ku- "N", akuvamile ukuthi kudingeke ukuthi usebenzise lesi sici se-lever.
• D: Indawo ethi “D” yilena esiyisebenzisayo ukuze injini kanye nogesi ozishintshayo kuhlanganiswe, okungukuthi, ukushayela phambili ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Kusho "shayela". Uma sidedela ibhuleki imoto izoqala ukuhamba ngesivinini esiphansi, kube sengathi sihamba ngegiya lokuqala ne-half clutch emotweni eshintshwayo.
• S: Izimoto eziningi ezizenzakalelayo, ngaphezu kwendawo ethi “D”, nazo zinendawo ethi “S”. Kusho ukuthi "Ezemidlalo”, futhi inikezela ngokuziphatha okushukumisayo. Ukudlulisela phambili kusabalalisa amagiya ukuze anikeze impendulo esheshayo nenamandla ezidingweni ze-throttle. Iphinde yehle ngaphambili, ngaleyo ndlela ifune ukugcina ama-rev enjini engaphezulu. Ungasuka ku-“D” uye ku-“S” futhi okuphambene nalokho ngaphandle kokucindezela ibhuleki noma inkinobho yokuphepha kusivikelo.
• 1, 2 kanye/noma 3: Nakuba zingavamile, kwezinye izimoto ezizenzakalelayo sisabona izinombolo “1”, “2” kanye/noma “3”; ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezindala. Lezi zindawo zisetshenziselwa ukujikeleza ngejubane eliphansi neliphakathi, lapho singafuni ukuthi ukudluliselwa kukhuphuke amagiya amaningi ngokwehlisa i-rpm yenjini. Ukusebenza kwayo kugxile kakhulu esikhathini sokujikeleza emigwaqweni yasezintabeni, lapho singeke sihambe khona ngesivinini esikhulu futhi sinesithakazelo ekugcineni isivinini sokujikeleza ukuze sibe nempendulo eyengeziwe.
• B: Ayikandile kakhulu futhi, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo ezifana neToyota, kumamodeli ayo ayingxubevange, zinale ndawo “B”. Lena indlela kagearbox ozishintshayo onikezela nge ukugcinwa okuphezulu lapho siyeka ukusheshisa, ngaleyo ndlela sikhulule umsebenzi wesistimu yamabhuleki. Kuma-hybrids akwaToyota, ngaphezu kokuvimbela imoto ukuthi inyuse isivinini ngokuphawulekayo kuma-gradient ekwehleni, iphinde isize ukubuyisela amandla kagesi kumabhethri.
• M: Indawo ethi “M” isho inhlukano. Kuyoba yithina esizothi ku-transmission kufanele ushintshe nini phezulu noma phansi kusukela kusikhethi esiyisikhethi ngokwaso, ngokuvamile esithinta ubude besikhathi kuso, noma kusukela kumaphedi esondo lokuqondisa. Kunoma ikuphi, i-electronics izohlale izama ukuvikela injini uma kwenzeka siyala, isibonelo, ukuthi yehlele egiyeni lesibili kuyilapho ushayela ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu. Futhi, njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ngaphambi nje kokufinyelela indawo ebomvu ye-tachometer, izokhuphuka ngokwayo ibe yisivinini esiphezulu.

Indlela yokusebenzisa ama-paddle shifter emotweni ye-othomathikhi

Namuhla, amaphesenti aphezulu ezimoto ezizenzakalelayo zinikeza -ezinye njengezijwayelekile kanti ezinye njengenketho- ezinye amakhamera ngemuva kwesiteringi ukuze umshayeli akwazi ukushintsha amagiya ngokulandelana ngaphandle kokukhipha isandla esondweni, Isitayela se-Formula 1.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sinesikhethi esishintshashintshayo sikagesi kokuthi “D” noma “S”, noma uma sinakho kokuthi “M”, singasisebenzisa. Kukhona ezincanyana ezijikayo ngokuhambisana nesiteringi, kanti ezinye zinkulu futhi zimile, zihlale zimi endaweni eyodwa noma sijika isiteringi. Kalula nje, ngekhamera yesokunxele sinciphisa amagiya kuthi kwesokudla sikhuphuke.

Amathiphu ayisisekelo lapho ushayela imoto ezenzakalelayo okokuqala ngqa

Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu okufanele sikuqaphele ukuthi asinayo i-clutch pedal. Yingakho kuhlale kukhunjulwa lokho unyawo lwesokunxele kufanele lube sendawo yokuhlala ngaso sonke isikhathi, okungukuthi, ngeke siyisebenzise mahhala.

uma siphazamiseka futhi sibheka i-clutch ngenkathi ushayela, kungaphezu kwalokho okungenzeka gibela ibhuleki, nokuthi lokhu kuhlanganisani. Ukuma kungazelelwe, okuthi, ngaphezu kokukwethusa wena nabangane bakho, kungadala isimo esiyingozi kakhulu. Ngithembe, akukuhle. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kuzokhuphuka kakhulu, ngoba imoto izobambeka ungalindele.

Uma kungokokuqala ngqa ukuba nemoto ezishintshayo, ungenza iphutha lokucabanga ukuthi njengoba unamaphedali amabili kuphela, uzosebenzisa engakwesokudla ukusheshisa nesobunxele ukubhuleka. Cha. Sebenzisa unyawo lwakho lwangakwesokudla ukuze kokubili ukusheshisa nokubhuleka. Isizathu silula: ukuzwela esikuzuze ngonyawo lwesokudla -noma ngabe sinesandla sokunxele noma kwesokudla-izimoto ezishayela ngesandla aziqhathaniseki nonyawo lwesokunxele. Ngakho-ke, njengoba bengisho, khohlwa ngokusebenzisa unyawo lwakho lwesobunxele.

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ngaphambi kokuthi ushaye umgwaqo ovulekile (noma ehlathini lasemadolobheni) ngemoto ezishintshayo ukuthi zijwayeze endaweni ecacile; ngaphandle kwethrafikhi futhi ngaphandle kwezingozi. Ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa uzobona ukuthi ilula kakhulu futhi akukho imfihlakalo, ngibheka ukusabela kwemoto lapho ishesha nokuthi iqala kanjani ngokwayo futhi ngokushelela kakhulu ukugudluzwa kokubili endaweni “R” kanye naku-“D” lapho ikhulula i-pedal yebhuleki.

Kokunye, awukho umehluko omningi uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli eshintshwayo. Ezinhlotsheni zamanje, izinzuzo zenjini efanayo aziguquki neze zisuka kwehlukile ezino gearbox oshintshwayo ziye kweya othomathikhi, kanjalo nalezo ezisetshenziswayo. Njengoba uzobona, imoto othomathikhi kuyinto kuyasebenza kakhulu futhi kukhululekile, nakuba kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi uma uthanda ukushayela, kungase kube njalo okuthile okuyisicefe.

Indlela yokunakekela ukudluliswa kwemoto okuzenzakalelayo

Njenganoma yiluphi uhlelo lwemishini emotweni, kufanele futhi kube nochungechunge lwe ungakukhathaleli ukuthi ungaphuli noma udale ukugqokwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ku-gearbox ozishintshayo. Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kuyabiza futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi ukulungisa, ngakho-ke kufanele unake amathiphu alandelayo futhi, yiqiniso, i imiyalelo encwadini ukunakekelwa kwemoto.

Ungashintshi indawo ye-lever lapho imoto ihamba

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, ngenkathi sichaza izikhundla ezihlukene nezindlela zokusebenza ezivame ukunikezwa ama-gearbox azenzakalelayo, ukukhetha izikhundla "P", "R", "N" kanye "D", kufanele sibe nemoto yama ngokuphelele futhi sinyathela i-brake pedal. ukukwenza ekuhambeni, u-gearbox ubunganyakaziswa kakhulu lokho kungawubhubhisa.

Nakekela isikhundla sika-P

Kumele sibe nayo Qaphela kakhulu lapho uhambisa i-shift lever ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo ethi "P"., Wezokupaka. Njengoba ngike ngasho ngaphambili, i-pawl ivala u-gearbox sengathi emotweni eno-gearbox oshintshwayo sishiye igiya lokuqala elihambisana nenjini. Njengasemotweni eshintshwayo siphinde sibambe ibhuleki yokupaka, ne-automatic kumele siyenze kahle.

Okungcono, uma siya ukumisa imoto, ne Ngokucindezelwa kwebhuleki lonyawo, vula ibhuleki lokupaka bese ubeka i-lever endaweni “P”. Sesingadedela ibhuleki lezinyawo. Lapho siqala, uma sizoqala imashi, senza okufanayo, kodwa ngokuhlehla. Okusho ukuthi, sishaya amabhuleki, siqale injini, sifake igiya ku-D, sikhulule ibhuleki lokupaka bese siqala ukushayela.

Akufanele nanini sivumele imoto iphumule endaweni ethi "P" ngaphandle kokuqala ngokuvula ibhuleki lokupaka.. Uma senza kanjalo, singalimaza lowo khiye wokudlulisela, njengoba yonke le nto ingasekela sonke isisindo semoto. Kufanele sikucabangele nakakhulu uma sisemthambekeni.

Faka okuthi "N" ezitobhini ezinde noma ekugcinweni

Uma sima erobhothini, akudingekile ukusuka ku-"D" uye ku-"N", ngoba sizomiswa imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Kodwa-ke, uma sizoma imizuzu embalwa injini igijima noma uma, ngokwesibonelo, sibambe isikhathi eside, kulungile. faka ukudluliselwa kokungathathi hlangothi. Ngale ndlela sizogwema ukushisa ngokweqile okungenzeka, ikakhulukazi kuma-gearbox we-torque converter.

Gwema ukugcina imoto egqumeni ne-throttle

Qaphela imigwaqo. Ngendlela efanayo ukuthi emotweni ephathwa ngesandla bekungeke kwenzeke kuwe ukuthi uchithe imizuzwana embalwa ugcine imoto imile idlala nge-clutch kanye ne-accelerator ethambekeni (ngoba ubungashisa i-clutch ngokucwayiza kweso), ungakwenzi lokho. ukwenze ngo gearbox ozishintshayo noma. . Uzodala ukushisa kwangaphakathi ukheshi nokuguga ongakwazi ukonga ngokumane ugcine imoto imile ne-pedal yamabhuleki, okuyiyona nto eyenzelwa yona.

donsa noma phusha

Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuwubuwula kodwa kujwayeleke kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo ukuthi umuntu oyisebenzisayo uhlephula u-gearbox ozishintshayo wemoto yakhe ngokuzama ukuwuphusha noma uma ewudonsa. Emotweni yezandla ilula njengoba beka isigaxa segiya endaweni ethi “N”, kodwa lokhu akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi kumodeli ezenzakalelayo ephukile noma ephelelwe ibhethri. Njengoba kunezindlela ezimbalwa ngokuya ngamamodeli, funda imanuwali yomkhiqizi ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungabeka kanjani imoto yakho endaweni engathathi hlangothi futhi uyidonse.

Isondlo kanye nezinguquko zikawoyela

Kuya ngohlobo luka-gearbox ozishintshayo kanye nenguqulo ngayinye, amanye azoba nokugcotshwa kukawoyela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ebhokisini ukwenza ukunakekelwa okubekwe ngumkhiqizi, ngaphandle kokukuvumela ukuthi "kuphelelwe yisikhathi". Amafutha amadala (kungaba ngamakhilomitha noma ngesikhathi) ngeke agcobe ngokuphumelelayo izingxenye zangaphakathi futhi, ngakho-ke, azogcina edala ukugqoka okubulalayo. Ngakho, ungagxili lapho usebenzisa uwoyela omuhle futhi uhloniphe izinsuku ezibekiwe ezibekiwe.