Indlela Yokuxilonga Izinkinga Zenjini

izinkinga zenjini: ukuxilongwa

Izimoto zivame ukwethenjwa namuhla, zikwazi ukuhamba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngaphandle kokuphuka. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukuphuka kuqala ukubonakala, kuwukuphazamiseka okukhulu okungakushiya uvaleleke noma yikuphi. Nokho, kukhona ezinye tricks ukukwazi zihlole wena ngokwakho izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zenjini.

Ngakho-ke, uma ungumuntu osebenza ngesandla futhi unekhono kumakhenikha, ungazilungisela ngokwakho Asikho isidingo sokukhokha ishabhu. Impela kuzoba kuhle ukuthi wonge imadlana uma ubheka isimo samanje somnotho...

Izimpawu zokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngenjini

ikhava... 0, injini ephukile

Kukhona ezinye amasiginali we-alamu okufanele ikuxwayise. Akufanele uwathathe kancane, ngoba lokho okungaba ukuwohloka okulula nokushibhile kungase kube ukukhanda okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi okumba eqolo uma ungakunaki ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngakho-ke, lapha ngifingqa izimpawu ezivamile ezibonisa ukuthi kukhona okungalungile:

  • injini ye-buzzer: ukukhanya kwenjini kuyakhanya uma noma iyiphi yezinzwa injini enayo ifunda noma iyiphi idatha engavamile, okubonisa izinkinga zenjini.
  • Ukulahlekelwa amandla: olunye uphawu okungafanele uluthathe kancane, njengoba lungase lusho izinkinga nge-turbo, ngezinye izikhathi zenjini, njll.
  • Ukuzimela kwehliswe: Uma uqaphela ukuthi imoto ayihambi kude nethangi eligcwele likaphethiloli (lokhu kuzosebenza nasenjini kagesi yebhethri), kukhombisa ukuthi kukhona okungalungile. Uma kwenzeka injini kaphethiloli ingaba yinkinga yokucindezelwa.
  • Imisindo eyinqaba: uma ubona imisindo engajwayelekile noma ukudlidliza, lokhu ukudida okungase kuvele ekugelezeni kwenjini, kumasilinda, njll.
  • iyama: Uma injini ima ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, lokhu kungase futhi kube yinkinga ngokudlulisela futhi kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi edonsayo ayitholi inhlansi efanele noma ingxube yomoya/yephethiloli.
  • Iphunga elimangalisayo: Uma ubona iphunga elingavamile, kungase futhi kube inkinga yokukhipha injini.
  • Injini iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngemva kokuvalwa: Uma injini iqhubeka nokusebenza ngemva kokucisha i-ignition, kungase kube ngenxa yenombolo ye-octane engalungile. Enye inkinga engaba khona kungaba i-solenoid embi noma i-carburetor esebenza ngokweqile. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezimotweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
  • ukugijima kanzima: Kungase kusho ukuvala izinkinga ohlelweni, ama-spark plug amadala, ibhethri eliphansi, njll.

Ukuxilongwa ngokwezimpawu zezinkinga zenjini

Ngokuqondene ne izindlela zokuxilonga kahle hle kwenzakalani enjinini yakho, nakhu ukwehluleka okuvamile:

Izimpawu zezinkinga nge-EGR

I-valve ye-EGR

Enye yezinto ezingadala izinkinga eziningi ezinjinini zamanje yi- I-valve ye-EGR. Lena i-valve yokukhipha igesi ephumayo, okungukuthi, idivayisi esetshenziswa izimoto eziningi ukulawula ukukhishwa, ukubuyisela igesi ephumayo ekamelweni elivuthayo ukuze kukhawulwe inani lezinto ezikhishwayo. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngakho, izinkinga zingaba:

  • angenzi lutho
  • iyama
  • Ukungabi namandla uma usheshisa

Kungaba njalo uma kukhona umule ngaphakathi kule valve, okubangela ukuba inamathele ivuleke futhi injini ingasebenzi kanzima, futhi ngisho nesitolo noma isitolo lapho i-throttle ivuleka kancane. Ngakho-ke, isisombululo esingenzeka ukuhlanza le carbon eqoqiwe ngaphansi kwe-valve. Kwezinye izimo kuyodingeka ukususa i-EGR ukuze uyihlanze futhi uyihlole ngokuqhubekayo. Futhi, kufanele ubheke izimpawu zokuvuza, okungafanele uzibheke.

Izimpawu zezinkinga ngenzwa yokugeleza komoya

Bosch Maf

Enye inkinga evamile kwezinye izimoto ukuthi inzwa yokugeleza komoya iqala ukudala izinkinga. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezihlukahlukene ukuthi zenzeke okufanele zikuxwayise, njenge:

  • Imoto imile.
  • Isibani senjini yokuhlola siyakhanya.
  • Ukusebenza okuphansi.

Inkampani yaseJalimane i-Bosch, eyenza izinzwa zokuqala ze-MAF, ibe nezinkinga eziningi ngemishini yayo ehlulekayo, njengoba yayisengozini. Lawa madivaysi ashise kakhulu ucingo, okwenza ukuthi ucingo lunqamuke kanye nenzwa yehluleka. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuthepha isivikeli senzwa ku-sensor kungaxilonga izinkinga, njengoba injini izosabela ngokuma noma ukungadumi, okukhombisa ukuthi idinga ukushintshwa. Uma inzwa ILUNGILE, injini izosebenza ingenandaba nokuthepha.

Izimpawu zezinkinga nge-alternator

i-alternator yemoto

Inkinga elandelayo ohlwini enye indawo. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhanya kwe-alternator ukuthi kukhanye noma kukhanye kudeshi. Lokhu kungase kuvame kwezinye izimoto uma i-voltage inganele, ngakho-ke kufanele uyihlole ngethuluzi elifanele, njenge-multimeter noma i-multimeter.

Futhi, kufanele wazi ukuthi uma lokhu kwehluleka, kungabangela ukuthi ibuyele phansi futhi lokho kungabangela ibhethri liyaphela ngesikhathi esifushane.

Kufanele wazi ukuthi i-alternator ikhiqiza i-alternator current ukuze ishaje ibhethri lemoto, kodwa le-current idlula ochungechungeni lwama-diode ukuze ilungiswe, kodwa uma lawa ma-diode ehluleka, i-alternator yamanje engalungiswanga izothunyelwa kumjikelezo kagesi. Ngakho-ke, i-trio yama-motor diode kuzodingeka ishintshwe, okungukuthi, buyisela okuthiwa isilungisi sebhuloho.

Nciphisa Nqamula Izimpawu

Ukuhlanza i-carburetor ngezinye izikhathi kufanele uyihlukanise

Inkinga elandelayo esizoyihlaziya yizimpawu ezinganikeza umklinyiwe lapho le ngxenye ihluleka. Ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ukuthi imoto iqala kahle uma kubanda, kodwa njengoba ifudumala, injini iqala ukuvutha kabi. Kungase futhi kubangele ukuthi ukhiphe intuthu emnyama emapayipini akho.

Uma lokhu kungenzeki, kungenzeka kube ngenxa yokulimala. Ngakho-ke, ukuklinywa kuyodingeka kususwe, njengoba i-vacuum diaphragm yokudonsa ingase iqhume noma ivuvuke kwezinye izimo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungavimbela i-vacuum ekubeni ilungile noma ipuleti lokuminyanisa lingavuleki banzi ngokwanele.

Izimpawu zezinkinga zokujova uphethiloli

Amapayipi aya kuma-injection asuka empompini yomjovo

Lapho kwenzeka okuthile ku- ama-injection kaphethiloliUma imoto yakho inazo, izimpawu ezizokuvumela ukuthi uhlonze noma uhlonze inkinga kuzo nazo ngokuvamile zicacile:

  • angenzi lutho
  • Isebenza kahle ku-RPM ephezulu
  • Ukusebenza okuphansi
  • ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi

Khumbula ukuthi ama-injection kaphethiloli asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezeqisayo, kumongo wenjini. Futhi, i-o-ring encane iyona kuphela evala i-injector ku-multifold intake. Uma lolo phawu lunezinkinga, injini izobhekana nokuvuza komoya, ngokunokwenzeka kusilinda esisodwa.

Ukuze ugweme lezi zinkinga, kukhona abahlanza i-fuel injector ekhethekile hlanza lezi zinto futhi ugcine iphinikhodi yokujova ihlanzekile. Uma kwenzeka inkinga inkulu kakhulu futhi kufanele uthenge i-injector entsha ozoyishintsha, qiniseka ukuthi i-injector enezici ezifanayo noma ukuhamba kukaphethiloli enjini yakho. Kungenjalo, kungase kudaleke izinkinga zezingxube ezinothe kakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okwengeziwe.

Izimpawu zezinkinga ze-Distributor Advance

i-delco

Sesixoxile kakade kule bhulogi ukuthi yini eyayidumile umthengisi noma i-Delco kwenjini. Uma ufuna ukwazi imininingwane eyengeziwe ngakho, ungafunda lesi esinye isihloko se-AM. Nokho, uma usukwazi lokhu, kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu lapho i-Delco ihluleka:

  • I-Ping (ukushaya) nge-RPM ephezulu

Lapho lezi zakhi zonakalisiwe, ikakhulukazi yi- isinqe senayiloni ngokuvamile zihlanganisa, okonakalayo noma okoma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuzovumela umdayisi ukuthi engeze kusengaphambili okwengeziwe ngama-RPM aphezulu kakhulu. Futhi lokho kungase kudinge ukushunwa ukuze injini isebenze kahle nge-RPM ethile. Kodwa-ke, kulezi zimo, mhlawumbe kungcono ukuya endaweni yokusebenzela ukuze uxazulule iphutha elingashibhile ekuqaleni, kodwa elibizayo uma lingabanjwa ngesikhathi ...

Izimpawu zezinkinga ngemojula yokuthungela

imojula yokushisa

Ngephutha elilandelayo, elihlobene ne izinkinga zemojula yokushisa, sinakho ukuthi izimpawu ezijwayelekile kulezi zimo yilezi:

  • ukungasebenzi kungazelelwe
  • I-Ping (amahithi)
  • ukusebenza kabi
  • Okusalungiswa

Khumbula ukuthi uma i-ignition system ihluleka kudala ukuthi injini ingabi nayo inhlansi yokuvutha futhi ingasebenzi nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, uma lokho okuhlulekayo kungenye isekethe yangaphakathi yale module, amandla-up azokwenzeka, kodwa izosebenza ngokungalungile.

Uma usanda kufaka ingxenye eshibhile kulolu hlelo, ingase futhi ibangele ukungasebenzi kahle, futhi kufanele ucabange ukukhetha ingxenye yekhwalithi ephezulu. Enye inkinga engaba khona ngalezi zinhlelo zikagesi ukuthi ziyehluleka uma unamathisele oshisayo oshisayo usendala  futhi amazinga okushisa aphezulu ayakhiqizwa. Esimweni sokugcina, imojula isebenza kahle ize ifinyelele izinga lokushisa elibucayi, lapho iqala khona ukwehluleka.

Izimpawu zezinkinga ngenzwa yengxube

amasilinda enjini yemoto

Inkinga elandelayo evame ukuvama kwezinye izimoto ukuthi inzwa yomoya yengxube kaphethiloli iyehluleka ngesizathu esithile. Kulezi zimo, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yizi:

  • Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphezulu
  • Ukuhlolwa kokukhishwayo kwehlulekile

Khumbula ukuthi inzwa ye-oxygen iyisisetshenziswa esishibhile esizodinga ukushintshwa ngesikhathi esithile. Uma ingenziwanga futhi isinesikhathi eside isebenza, kufanele ukwazi lokho inzwa iyancipha, futhi amandla ayo okukhiphayo ayehla. Kulezi zimo, lapho iyunithi yokulawula ifunda lawa ma-voltage aphansi, iwahumusha njengengxube ethambile futhi yengeze uphethiloli owengeziwe.

Lezi zinkinga zenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho inzwa isindala kakhulu. Nokho, kungenzeka enjinini encane kwezinye izimo, njengokuthi nini ibhodi yehluleka futhi i-antifreeze iyashiswa ekamelweni elivuthayo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inzwa imbozwe nge-silica (izoba nokubukeka okumhlophe), okudinga ukushintshwa. Khumbula ukuthi azikwazi ukuhlanzwa, ngakho ungazami ukukwenza...

Izimpawu zezinkinga ngekhoyili

ikhoyili endala yokuthungela

Sidlulela kwenye inkinga evamile, futhi lena ehlotshaniswa nayo ikhoyili yesistimu yakho yenjini. Kulezi zimo, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu okufanele zikuxwayise ngezinkinga kule ngxenye yilezi:

  • Okusalungiswa
  • ukusebenza okungajwayelekile

Nakuba zikhona ezinye izimpawu, lezi yizona ezivame kakhulu. Kulezi zimo, kumele uhlale ubheka ikhoyili ye-ignition ukuze ubone ukuthi yilo yini ehlulekayo. Ngokuvamile kuyinkinga ye izintambo zokuthungela ziphukile, kodwa kungase kube ngenxa yekhoyili ngokwayo. Kunoma yikuphi, izingxenye ezintsha kuzodingeka zithengwe ukuze zifakwe esikhundleni sazo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhoyili, ungasebenzisa a i-multimeter noma i-multimeter ukukala ngama-ohms futhi uhlole ukuthi isebenza kahle yini. Ukumelana nekhoyili okufanelekile kuzohluka kuye ngohlobo olusetshenziswayo, kodwa kungaba ngaphansi kuka-13.000 ohms oHlobo I futhi kube ngaphansi kuka-6.000 ohm oHlobo Lwesibili. Uma ukulinganisa kulungile, khetha amakhebuli okuthungela.

Izimpawu zokuxhumeka okubi komhlaba

Ukuthungela amasistimu anekhoyili eyodwa kupheya ngayinye yamasilinda

Inkinga elandelayo, nakuba ingase ibonakale iyinqaba kuwe, ingase futhi ibangele izimpawu ezihlukahlukene enjinini yakho. Ngibhekise lapho kukhona a uxhumo olubi lomhlabathi wesekethe. Kulezi zimo, okulandelayo kuvame ukwenzeka:

  • Noma iyiphi inkinga kagesi engenzi mqondo.

Uma ubheka ama-circuits nokunye izingxenye zikagesi futhi zibukeka zilungile kepha ilokhu ihluleka kufanele wazi ukuthi inkinga ingaqhamuka ekumisweni okungekuhle kwesekethe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokho lezi zinkinga okunzima ukuzibona zingadalwa.

Okuwukuphela kwendlela enembile yokuqinisekisa ukuxhunywa komhlaba ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokwehla kwamandla kagesi nge- I-voltmeter noma i-multimeter noma i-multimeter esesimweni sokukala ama-voltage. Ngale ndlela elula ungakwazi ukukala inani lama-electron abanjwe ku-conductor ngenxa yoxhumo olubi lomhlabathi.

Ukwenza ubufakazi, kufanele nje uxhume isiphetho esihle se-voltmeter emhlabathini okukhulunywa ngawo kanye nekhebula elinegethivu kutheminali enegethivu yebhethri. Kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ukuya phansi akufanele kumake izibalo ezingaphezu kuka-2/10 we-volt kunoma yikuphi. Uma iphakeme, uyazi kakade ukuthi inkinga iwumhlaba. Ngokuvamile kungase kube ngenxa yezinkinga nge-wiring noma izixhumi noma ukungcola nje. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokufaka noma yini, zama ukuhlanza izifunda.

Izimpawu Zokuvuza Eziningi

eziningi

Kungase futhi kuvame ukuthi kube nezinkinga nge- ukuvuza kwe-vacuum okuphindaphindiwe. Kulezi zimo, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezivame ukukuxwayisa ngalokhu kwehluleka yilezi:

  • angenzi lutho
  • ukukhanya kwe-ping

Ukuvuza kwe-vacuum okuphindaphindiwe okuthinta isilinda esisodwa kuphela kuzosebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunokuvuza okukhulu okuthinta zonke izimbobo. Khumbula ukuthi lokhu izothinta ukunotha kwengxube yamafutha omoya,edala ukuthi imoto ihambe kabi. Ukuqinisa amabhawodi aqine ngesikrufu yikho kuphela okudingekayo ukuxazulula le nkinga ukuvimbela ukuvuza okunjalo.

Ukuvuza kuvame kakhulu phakathi I-aluminium intake manifolds enekhanda le-cylinder yensimbi eyinsimbi, ngenxa yama-coefficients ahlukene wokunwetshwa.

Izimpawu zezinkinga zokulawula umoya

ukudla okuningi

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkinga ingenzeka futhi ku- injini yokulawula umoya. Kulezi zimo, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezivame ukwenzeka yilezi:

  • ukwehla kokuyeka
  • Izinkinga zokungenzi lutho.
  • iyama

Ezinye izimoto zisebenzisa injini yemoto i-idle air control (IAC) njengokuvuza komoya okulawulwayo eduze kwe-throttle plate. Lokhu kuyenza isebenze ngokufana ne-carburetor damper, kodwa ngaphandle kokuhambisa i-throttle plate.

Kokubili i-throttle plate kanye ne-pivot yokulawula umoya kukhona ejwayele ukucharger ngenxa yemfucumfucu kaphethiloli kanye namagesi aphumayo angena ezindaweni eziningi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, injini ingase imiswe noma ingashi, ibe nobunzima bokungenzi lutho lapho i-throttle ikhishwa ngokushesha.

Ukulungisa lesi simo, amapuleti e-throttle ahlanzekile nge cleaner ekhethekile, bese wenza okufanayo nge i-pivot kwe-IAC. Ukuhlanza okulungile, khumbula ukuthi kufanele ususe i-IAC, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke ukwazi ukufinyelela i-pivot kahle.

Izimpawu zamaphutha kagesi (amakhodi)

Izingxenye zeyunithi yokulawula imoto

Okokugcina, kufanele wazi ukuthi izimoto eziningi zamanje zivame ukuba nazo amasistimu kagesi okuxilongwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi zikuvumela ukuthi wazi ukuthi kwenzekani enjinini uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngokuxhuma ikhompuyutha noma idivayisi ukuze uthole amakhodi.

Lawa makhodi angahluka kumkhiqizi ngamunye wenjini, futhi kufanele ahunyushwe kahle. I amakhodi achazwe kubhukwana lomkhiqizi, futhi kuyindlela elula yokubona ukuthi iyiphi izintambo, inzwa, noma ingxenye okungenzeka yehluleke ngaphandle kokuhlola mathupha izinsimbi.


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.