Isebenza kanjani imoto kagesi noma i-EV

Uma kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuthatha izinyathelo ezinkulu kulezi zikhathi, yilowo we izimoto zikagesi. Ngenxa yemikhiqizo efana neTesla, yonke into ikhombisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwemoto kuzoba yingxenye yempilo yethu yansuku zonke. Ukuze uyihlole, kufanele nje ubone ukuthi yimalini ukuthengisa kwabo kwakhula kakade ngonyaka odlule.

Ngenxa yalokho, ku Actualidad Motor sifuna ukucacisa isebenza kanjani imoto kagesi. Kungase kudingeke unqume ukuthi uzoyithenga yini ngokushesha kunokuba ucabanga. Futhi uma leso sikhathi sifika, ngeke kusize ngalutho ukwazi ukuthi ayeyini ama-spark plugs noma ukuthi laliyini ibhande lesikhathi.

Uma sikutshela ukuthi imoto eyi-hybrid isebenza kanjani, sesivele sikhuluma ngayo motors kagesi, abatshalizimali y amabhethri. Leli cala liyafana, ngaphandle kobunzima bokuxhumana nenjini yokushisa yendabuko. Ngokubuyisela, izimoto zikagesi kufanele zibhekane nokuzimela okujabulisayo kanye nesivinini sokushaja esisekelwe ukuthuthukiswa okusha nezinto zokwakha. Inselelo, kithina esithanda izimoto, isishiya nomhlaba wonke wobuchwepheshe obusha obebubonakala ezinganekwaneni zesayensi kuphela.

Imoto kagesi

Kukhona izimoto zikagesi ngenjini eyodwa, njenge- I-Nissan Leaf noma i I-Renault ZOE. bangu ngezinjini ezimbili, njenge- I-Tesla Model S, enomunye eksisi ngayinye. Kukhona nabanakho izinjini ezine njenge NextEV Nio EP9, esebenzisa elilodwa ukuhambisa isondo ngalinye. Kodwa, njengoba zihluke njengoba lezi zimoto zisuka komunye nomunye, zisekelwe kubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo: ukuthi hambisa injini ngokusebenzisa uzibuthe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bonke banakho ikhono lokusebenza njengama-generator futhi bonke banayo izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko ezifanayo: i-rotor kanye ne-stator. Ukuthi njengoba amagama abo ekhombisa, eyodwa izinikele ekujikelezeni kuyilapho enye imile.

Kusukela kulo mqondo, uhlobo ngalunye lukhethe uhlobo lwenjini kuye ngokuthi yini obufuna ukuyizuza. Injini yemoto yezemidlalo ayifani neyemoto encane yasemadolobheni engeke idlule isivinini esithile. Ngezansi sizochaza ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwenjini lunjani nokuthi izimoto zinayo.

I-Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Lezi zinhlobo zama-motor zivelele kuzo ukusebenza kahle kwesilinganiso sosayizi, ijubane layo elilawulwa kalula, kanye ne umsindo ophansi nokudlidliza lokho kukhiqiza. Ngokubuyisela bakhona eqolo kunezinye izinhlobo zamamotho kagesi.

Zingaba izinhlobo ezimbili: ukugeleza kwe-axial noma ukugeleza kwe-radial. Eyangaphambili ivumela ukuhlangana ngqo esondweni njenge izinjini zama-protein futhi lezi zakamuva zisetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yobulula bazo bokusebenzisa. Ezinye zezimoto zikagesi zamanje ezisebenzisa izinjini ezihambisanayo zikazibuthe yilezi:

• I-BMW i3
• BYD-E6
• I-Citroen C-Zero, i-Peugeot iON kanye ne-Mitsubishi i-MiEV (okufana nemoto efanayo)
• i-hyundai ioniq kagesi
• kia soul kagesi
• kia niro kagesi
• I-Nissan Leaf
• Opel Ampera-e
• Umsebenzi wePorsche e
• ugesi ohlakaniphile
• IVolkswagen e-Golf
• IVolkswagen e-Up

Kushintshwe I-Reluctance Synchronous Motor

lezi zinjini banikeza i-torque eningi, iqinile futhi ishibhile ukuyikhiqiza, kodwa amandla okugcina abawatholayo mancane kunawabanye. Basebenza ngenxa yokuthi i-current is switched in the stator coil, ngaleyo ndlela yenza insimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo futhi ibangele ukunyakaza kwe-rotor. Izimoto zikagesi ezisebenzisa amamotho ashintshayo ashintshashintshayo ashintshashintshayo yiRenault ZOE, iKangoo EV kanye neFluence.

i-induction motor

Izinzuzo zalezi zinjini ukuthi zine- ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, okuthembekile, umsindo ophansi futhi unikeze i-torque engaguquki kusuka kuma-revs aphansi. Futhi izindleko zayo zokukhiqiza ziphansi ngezinzuzo ezizuziwe. Basebenza ngokuhlukile kunangaphambili, ikakhulukazi ngoba ijubane lensimu yamagnetic ye-stator ayihambisani ne-rotor. Ngakho-ke zibizwa nangokuthi i-asynchronous. Izimoto zikagesi ezisebenzisa ama-induction motors yilezi:

• UMahindra Reva
• I-Tazzari Zero
• I-Tesla Model 3, Model S, Model X kanye ne-Roadster

Ibhetri

Ngokungafani nezimoto ezi-hybrid, ibhethri iyona umthombo wamandla owodwa wezimoto zikagesi. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu nomthamo wayo mkhulu kakhulu kunalawo. Ukukunikeza umbono, mane ubeke izinombolo etafuleni. Ngenkathi i-hybrid efana ne I-Prius Inebhethri elingafinyeleli ku-2 kWh, lemoto kagesi njengeTesla Model S efinyelela ku-100 kWh.

Lo mehluko omkhulu ubonakala ku- ukuguqulwa kwezakhiwo zezimoto zikagesi. Isibonelo, izimoto zakwaTesla zinebhethri endaweni yonke yezimoto zabo. Ngenkathi iPrius inabo ngaphansi kwezihlalo zangemuva. Lokhu, okungeziwe ekungabini kwe-motor evamile, kwenza izimoto zikagesi zihluke kakhulu.

Izakhi ezivame ukusetshenziselwa lawa mabhethri i-lithium ion (Li-Ion), i-nickel-cadmium (Ni Cd), i-nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) noma i-lead-acid (Pb). Nakuba lezi zamuva zingasasetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukuphathwa kwamandla kuyisici esinqumayo ngenxa yokuqina nokuzimela kwayo, kodwa umsebenzi nawo uyenziwa ezinye izinto zokuthuthukisa umthamo wayo. Ngokwesibonelo, amabhethri i-electrolyte eqinile noma lezo ze i-graphene.

I-inverter, ishaja ne-transformer

Umsebenzi wazo zonke lezi zingxenye ziyefana: guqula isimanje esiqondile sibe esamanje esishintshayo, futhi ngokuphambene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ibhethri inikwe amandla ngeyangaphambili, kuyilapho injini nezinye izingxenye ezifana ne-air conditioning, okokusebenza kwe-multimedia nokunye okunjalo kunikwa amandla yilaba bamuva. Ukuguqulwa phakathi kwalezi zakhi kusingathwa yi-inverter.

Kulo mehluko wamanje kumele sengeze ukuthi amapulaki esinakho kunoma iyiphi yezindlu zethu ishintshashintsha. Kubo kukhona i-transformer noma ishaja. Umehluko wayo wukuthi eyokuqala ibekwe ngaphakathi emotweni, kanti eyesibili iphumela ngaphandle.

ikhompuyutha noma isilawuli

Ukuphatha zonke lezi zinhlelo yisilawuli. Iphethe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke into isebenza ngendlela efanele futhi izolingana neyunithi yokulawula yemoto. Kwezinye izimoto zikagesi ikhompuyutha iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengoba futhi iphethe insiza yokushayela noma izinhlelo zokushayela ezizimele nezinye izinhlelo ezifana nesiphequluli nezinhlelo zemultimedia. Lokhu kunjalo ngezimoto zeTesla.

Njengoba injini ingasebenza futhi njengejeneretha, lolu hlelo luphinde lube unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha ubudlelwano bezinhlangothi ezimbili phakathi kwebhethri nemoto noma izinjini. Ngaphezu kokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokubuyisa amandla njengokubhuleka kabusha.