Imboni yezimoto yenze imizamo yokuthuthukisa izimoto ezingahambisana nemvelo ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zekhwalithi yomoya ze-European Union. Iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, i- izihlungi zezinhlayiya Kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zikadizili, ezisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngakho-ke, zisengozini yokushiswa yizinhlayiya ngaphambi kokushiya ipayipi lokukhipha umoya.
Kudala ezinye izimoto zikadizili kwakulula ukuzibona emgwaqeni njengoba kushunqa intuthu emnyama empompini uma zigijima. Ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa kwaboniswa intuthu emnyama, eyakhipha izinhlayiya eziyingozi endaweni ezungezile. Ngo-2006, yethulwa isihlungi sezinhlayiya (esaziwa nangokuthi i-FDP, noma i-FAP ngesifinyezo sayo ngesiNgisi) ukuze kuvinjelwe umlotha ovela kuwoyela oshiswe enjinini ukuba ungaphumi ngokuqondile ngepayipi le-exhaust futhi ufinyelele endaweni ezungezile. Yakhelwe ukuhlanza ukungcola okukhiqizwa ukusha enjini yemoto.
Siyini isihlungi sezinhlayiya
Ipayipi lokukhipha umoya lemoto liqukethe a izindonga ezimangelengele ezibizwa nge-FDP egcina izinhlayiya eziqinile zikaphethiloli. Phakathi nenqubo yomlilo, wonke amaketanga e-athomu ekhabhoni ahlanganiswe nomoya-mpilo kufanele aphuke. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi amaketanga asele ingxenye aphenduka abe yi-soot, echithwa ngepayipi yokukhipha umoya.
Nini umule buthelela kumshini kagesi, inqubo "yokuvuselela" iqala, ilawulwa uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi olushisa umule. Amagesi angcolisayo awasuswa kahle uma isihlungi sezinhlayiya singasebenzi kahle futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukusebenza kwenjini kungase kuphazamiseke. Ngakho-ke, akubalulekile nje kuphela ukugwema ukukhululwa emkhathini wezinhlayiya ezithile, kodwa futhi nokusebenza kahle kwemoto.
Ukusebenza kwesihlungi sezinhlayiyana
Kunezinzwa ezinquma ukuthi isihlungi sezinhlayiyana sigcwaliswa nini ngomsizi (ikhabhoni) eduze kwenjini nangaphambi kwepayipi le-exhaust. I umule owadalwa ekushisweni uyahlungwa ngamaseli amancane esihlungi sezinhlayiyana.
Lo msizi, njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, uyinto ekhiqizwa ukubola kwamakhemikhali (pyrolysis) okokusebenza okunqwabelanayo kusihlungi. Uma isihlungi sigcwele umule ngo-40%, izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwenjini liyakhuphuka kuze kube yilapho isihlungi sezinhlayiya siphoqeleka ukuthi sikhiqize kabusha. Lapho ithemometha ifinyelela ku-700 ° C, umule uyasha futhi ngenxa yalokho ingaphandle livezwe kuwo ngendlela ehlanzekile.
Njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-1.000 cishe, imoto ivuselela isihlungi sezinhlayiya ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ungase uzwe i-relay esebenza ngaphakathi kwemoto noma uqaphele iphunga elibolile liphuma ku-tailpipe. Konke lokho kujwayelekile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungayimisi imoto ngenkathi isihlungi sihlanzwa, noma ngeke ihlanzeke.
isihlungi se-diesel particulate
Uma uhlela ukuthenga a isihlungi se-particulate semoto kadizili, bese ungabheka isihlungi esihambisana nomkhiqizo wakho nemodeli. Nokho, ungasebenzisa lo mkhiqizo ukuhlanza isihlungi sakho ukuze ubambezele ushintsho:
Isihlungi sezinhlayiya zikaphethiloli
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma imoto inguphethiloli futhi udinga isihlungi sezinhlayiya zayo, bese ukhetha ehambisanayo njengasesimeni sangaphambilini. Kodwa, kulokhu, ungathola futhi imikhiqizo yokuhlanza efana:
Amaphutha esihlungi sezinhlayiyana
Amaphutha okungenzeka kusihlungi sezinhlayiya kulula ukuwabona, njengoba kukhona izimpawu ezikuxwayisayo ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngale ngxenye yemoto. Futhi lezi zimpawu ziyizi:
- Izimoto zivame ukuba nesibani sesexwayiso sezinhlayiyana. Uphawu lwayo nombala okhanyayo kungase kuhluke kuye ngomkhiqizi wemoto, kodwa uma ubona lokhu kukhanya okuyisixwayiso kukhanyisa, khona-ke uyazi ukuthi kunenkinga ngesihlungi se-particle.
- Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ukukhanya kwenjini yokuhlola kuyakhanya. Ngisho noma ingekho inkinga yangempela ngenjini, njengoba ngike ngasho ngaphambili, isisefo singaphazamisa injini futhi siyibangele ukuba ilahlekelwe amandla kancane uma isihlungi sigcwele. Ake sithi imoto ngokwayo izivikela kule nkinga ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kwenjini ukuze ingaqhubeki nokuqongelela umule ongaka.
Indlela yokunakekela isihlungi sezinhlayiya
para ukugcinwa kwesihlungi sezinhlayiya Akuyona inkimbinkimbi futhi uma kwenziwa, uzosiza ukugcina isimo esihle senjini yakho futhi unciphise izinhlayiya ezikhishwayo. Kwakho:
- Hlola izinga likawoyela okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube phakathi kokuncane kanye nobuningi.
- Uma unemoto kadizili futhi uyisebenzisela ukuzungeza idolobha noma ohambweni olufushane, phuma uye kuthelawayeka ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uhlanzwe isisefo sezinhlayiya.
- Hlonipha izincomo zokulungisa ezikubhukwana lemodeli yemoto.
Uma uhlonipha le mithetho emithathu, kokubili imoto yakho nephakethe lakho kuzokubonga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Shintsha isihlungi se-particle
El inqubo yokukhiqiza kabusha isihlungi isebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa injini kufanele isebenze phakathi kuka-2.000 no-2.500 rpm imizuzu eyi-15 kuye kwengama-20 ukuze inyuse izinga lokushisa lohlelo futhi iqale ukushiswa kwezinhlayiya (isikhathi okufanele uqhubeke ngaso ukushayela futhi ungayimisi imoto ukuze ungaphazamisi. inqubo). Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kukhuphuka ngo-10-15% kanti injini ibanga umsindo omkhulu ngesikhathi salolu hlelo.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izimoto kufanele ziguqule izihlungi njalo noma imayela:
- Udizili: Kumele bashintshe izihlungi zabo zezinhlayiya njalo eminyakeni emibili noma amakhilomitha angu-40.000.
- I-petroli: Kumele bashintshe ama-catalyst abo njalo eminyakeni emibili noma amakhilomitha angu-60.000.
Inqubo yokushintsha isihlungi ingenziwa uchwepheshe, noma ungakwenza ngokwakho uma unolwazi lomshini. Noma ngabe kunjalo, kufanele wazi ukuthi lo msebenzi ungabiza phakathi kwama-300 no-1.000 ama-euro (konke kuncike kumodeli yemoto) kanye nomsebenzi. Ezinye izitolo zokulungisa zilungisa izihlungi ezimbi ngokusaha ngomsebe, zithulule amangqamuzana futhi ziwahlanganise kabusha. Le nqubo ibiza cishe ama-euro angama-400, kodwa akuyona efanelekile kakhulu.