Uyobe ufunde kumamanuwali amaningi noma amashidi ezicaciso zobuchwepheshe zezimoto. umqondo "torque", owaziwa nangokuthi "torque". Kuyitemu elivamile, kodwa ababaningi abaziyo ukuthi liyini, noma lingathonya kanjani ukusebenza noma ukuphila kwansuku zonke.
Ngalesi sizathu, ake sibheke izinga elijulile Libhekisela kuphi leli gama, futhi kungani libalulekile? Lapho ukhetha injini...
Iyini i-torque?
El I-torque, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-torque, iyinani elibonakalayo elimele amandla wamandla okukhiqiza ukuzungezisa mayelana ne-eksisi.. Esimeni sezinjini, kungaba zikagesi, ezixubile, noma ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, i-torque iyisilinganiso samandla injini ewasebenzisayo ku-crankshaft ukuze ikhiqize ukunyakaza, ayobe esedluliselwa emasondweni ngokudlulisa. Ngamagama alula, yitorque eshayela amasondo emoto.
La ifomula echaza lokhu kubhangqa ukuthi:
τ = F × r
Lapho u-τ (tau) eyi-motor torque (evezwa nge-Newton imitha ngayinye, N m), F ingamandla asetshenziswa ku-Newtons (N), futhi u-r iyibanga eliqondile ukusuka emgqeni wesenzo samandla ukuya ku-eksisi yokuzungezisa (ngamamitha, m).
El i-torque ekhiqizwa injini incike ezintweni eziningana, phakathi kwabo:
- Idizayini yenjini: Yiqiniso, amandla athuthukiswe injini azothonya i-torque ethuthukisiwe. Isibonelo, izici ezingaba nomthelela ukufuduka, noma ngabe ine-turbo noma ayinayo (ene-turbo iyanyuswa uma iqhathaniswa nomkhathi onezici ezifanayo), njll. Isilinganiso se-octane sikaphethiloli osetshenzisiwe, ingxube ye-fuel-air, njll. kungaphinda kuphazamise itorque yenjini. Okunye okubalulekile wukushintshwa, u-gearbox nawo ungaphazamisa lokhu.
- RPM: Isivinini sokujikeleza kwenjini, okungukuthi ama-revolutions ngomzuzu, singaphinda sibe nomthelela ku-torque. Eqinisweni, i-torque enkulu yenjini eshiwo abakhiqizi bezimoto ngokuvamile ifinyelelwa nge-rpm ethile. Okusho ukuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho awutholi i-torque eyengeziwe, futhi awutholi ngaphansi kwayo.
Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ijika le-torque yenjini. Kuwumfanekiso obonisa indlela i-torque yenjini ehluka ngayo njengomsebenzi wokuguquguquka ngomzuzu (RPM). Leli jika liwuphawu lwenjini ngayinye futhi linikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokusebenza kwayo, njengoba uzokwazi ukubona ukuthi imoto iziphatha kanjani ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene ze-rev. Lokhu kungaba okubalulekile, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izinguquko ofuna ukuzuza itorque ephezulu.
Amandla vs Torque
Amandla ne-torque yimiqondo emibili eyisisekelo emhlabeni wamamotho, kepha adidekile. Nakuba zihlobene eduze, zimelela izici ezihlukene zokusebenza kwenjini. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho sikhuluma amandla, sibhekisela ezingeni umsebenzi owenziwa ngalo. Enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi, imelela inani lamandla injini engawaguqula abe umsebenzi ngeyunithi ngayinye yesikhathi.
Amandla (P) = Amandla (F) × Isivinini (v)
Amandla (P for rotary motor) = Torque (τ) × Isivinini se-Angular (ω)
Lawa mandla akalwa nge-SI in kW (kilowatts), nakuba ngokuvamile, ezimotweni, i-CV noma amandla amahhashi asetshenziswa kangcono. Emabhukwini obuchwepheshe, imvamisa iza nge-SI, okungukuthi, ngama-kilowatts. Ukusuka ku-kW uye ku-HP kulula kakhulu:
Ukusuka ku-HP kuye ku-kW:
1 HP ≈ 0.7355 kW
kW = HP * 0.7355
Ukusuka ku-kW ukuya ku-HP:
1 kW ≈ 1.3596 HP
I-HP = kW * 1.3596
Ngale ndlela, ukulingana kungenziwa phakathi kwezinjini zikagesi nezinjini ezivuthayo. Isibonelo, injini yomlilo engu-200 HP ihambisana cishe no-147.1 kW, noma ngamanye amazwi, 147.100 W. Injini kagesi enamandla angu-68 kW izolingana cishe nama-91 HP.
Amandla netorque kuhlobene eduze kuhlobene nesivinini se-angular:
Amandla = Torque × ω
Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngesivinini esinikezwe i-angular noma u-ω (ama-revolution ngomzuzu), i-torque enkulu isho amandla amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ijika le-torque alihlali njalo kulo lonke uhla lwe-rev, njengoba ngishilo ngenhla.
Ithonya i-torque yenjini?
Manje njengoba uyazi ukuthi iyini i-torque, cishe uyazibuza: Yini ethonya itorque yenjini?, ukukuqondisa kangcono lapho ukhetha injini yakho yesikhathi esizayo. Nokho, kunomthelela:
- Ukusheshisa: Injini ene-torque ephezulu kuma-revs aphansi ingashiwo ukuthi ihlinzeka ngokusheshisa ngokushesha ukusuka ekumeni kanye nokusabela okushesha kakhulu ekushintsheni kwegiya. Lokhu kuhumusha umuzwa wokuphokophela okukhulu. Ngenkathi amandla amaningi evame ukutholwa kuma-revs aphezulu, i-torque nayo idlala indima ebalulekile. Injini enejiko letorque eliyisicaba enwetshiwe ibheke ku-rpm ephezulu izovumela ukusheshisa okuqhubekayo ukuthi kugcinwe ku-rpm ephezulu.
- Umthamo wokudonsa: nge-torque yenjini ephezulu, ikwenza kube lula ukunqoba imiqansa, njengoba ikwazi ukusebenzisa amandla amakhulu emasondweni okushayela. Izimoto eziklanyelwe ukudonsa imithwalo esindayo ngokuvamile zinezinjini ezinetorque ephezulu nge-rpm ephansi, ezivumela ukuthi zigcine isivinini esingaguquki futhi zinqobe ukumelana nomgwaqo. Kunjalo ezimotweni ezingekho emgwaqeni, namaloli, izimoto ezisindayo, ogandaganda, njll.
- Ukunwebeka kwenjini: Injini enejiko letorque elibanzi ikuvumela ukuthi ushayele nge-rpm ephansi ngamagiya aphezulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlala wehla njalo futhi usheshise. Lokhu kuhumusha ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli okuphansi kanye nokushayela ngokukhululeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho wenza alulame (ukusheshisa isivinini esiphansi ngegiya eliphezulu) ukuze udlule, injini ene-torque ephezulu izovumela ukuqondisa ukuba kwenziwe ngokushesha futhi ngokuphepha.
- Ukushayela umuzwa: I-torque ephezulu idlulisela umuzwa wamandla nokuqina kumshayeli, okuhumushela ekuhlangenwe nakho kokushayela owanelisa kakhulu. Injini enempendulo esheshayo ye-throttle, ngokuvamile ehlotshaniswa netorque ephezulu kuma-revs aphansi, inikeza umuzwa wokushesha nokulawula.
Manje, umbuzo uthi… ingakanani itorque eyanele? Lokhu kuzoxhomeka ezidingweni zakho, isisindo semoto, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sihamba ngokuyinhloko emgwaqeni noma edolobheni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sibhekana nemiqansa njalo noma cha, kanye nokunye okude.
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