Ku amagumbi omlilo Kulapho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyisisekelo kokusebenza kwenjini kwenzeka. I ingxube yomoya nophethiloli kucindezelwa ukuhamba okukhuphukayo kwe- ipiston, ikhanyisa futhi inwebise ikhiqize ukunyakaza okuya phansi kwepiston. Kamuva, lokho kunyakaza okuqondile kuguqulwa kube ukunyakaza okuyisiyingi ngokusebenzisa i- i-crankshaft.
Phakathi neminyaka edlule, baye baklama izinhlobo ezahlukene amakamelo omlilo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, ukuqina kanye/noma amandla ezinjini. Ikakhulukazi kulezo ze izikhathi ezine. Ukuma kwayo kuthonya ngokuphawulekayo kokubili okuguquguqukayo, ngakho-ke uhlobo olulodwa noma olunye luyakhethwa kuye ngokuthi inhloso elandelwayo.
Izinhlobo zamagumbi omlilo
Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwegumbi lomlilo nakho kuthonywa yi- uhlobo lwesikhathi lwenjini. Njengoba ubona esithombeni esilandelayo, ukuthambekela kwe- amagagasi kuthinta ngqo ukubekwa okufanele abe nakho i-camshaft futhi noma kufanele ube neyodwa noma ezimbili. into futhi kungaba nomthelela ohlotsheni lwenjini noma ngisho naku uhlobo lwendandatho ye-piston.
igumbi le-cylindrical
Uhlobo lokuqala lwegumbi lomlilo yilo elibunjiwe i-cylindrical. Lolu olunye uhlobo okuvame kakhulu ngokuba eshibhe kakhulu ukukhiqiza ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izinzuzo eziningi kakhulu. Ivalwe phezulu nendawo eyisicaba lapho zitholakala khona ama-valve ahambisanayo naku-eksisi eqondile yesilinda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i ipulaki yenhlansi Ingabekwa ohlangothini olulodwa lwesilinda (ejwayeleke kakhulu ezinjinini ezindala) noma ngaphezulu, iphinde ihambisane namavalvu. Kulolu hlobo lwegumbi lomlilo i-spark plug ihlala eduze kakhulu nengxube ye-fuel-air, ivumela inhlansi yayo iwuthungele ngokushesha.
igumbi le-wedge
Igumbi lomlilo elimile umbhede Iwuhlobo lwesibili esingaluthola. Kulo, uphahla lwekamelo noma ingxenye yalo inomthambeko othile dala unxantathu (kubonakale eceleni njengasesithombeni). Ehlangothini elikhulu ama-valve atholakala nge-diagonally futhi ohlangothini olufushane kune-spark plug.
Kulolu hlobo lwegumbi lomlilo, ama-valve atholakala ekhanda le-cylinder kuya qeda isiyaluyalu ezikhiqizwa ekuqhumeni kwengxube. Enye yezinzuzo zayo ukuthi i- izinduku zokuxhuma hlupheka umzamo omncane ngakho-ke ukuqina kwenjini kuyanda.
ikhamera kabhavu
Iwuhlobo lwegumbi elivuthayo ifana kakhulu ne-wedge. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi ophahleni ekamelweni has a ovundlile ingxenye, ukuze amagagasi kube ibekwe mpo. Kunalokho, i-spark plug ihlala i-diagonal. Lokhu kumisa kuvumela ama-valve ukuthi abe nesikhala esiningi futhi avule ngaphezulu (lift).
igumbi le-hemispherical
Kukhona futhi amakamelo omlilo we-hemispherical, ebizwa nangokuthi ngesimo se Dome. Kuzo, ama-valve atholakala ngokudayela ezingxenyeni ezithambekile zedome ne i-spark plug ekuphakameni kwayo. Ngenxa yalesi simo, ukugcwaliswa kwe-cylinder kusebenza kahle, ngoba kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-valve amakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye indlela yenhlansi (kusuka ku-spark plug kuya ekhanda le-piston) futhi ayitholakali, ngakho izinga lelangabi liphakeme, livumela amandla aphezulu kunamanye amanjini anezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakamelo omlilo.
igumbi le-radial
Lolu hlobo lwekhamera lujwayelekile Izinjini ze-rotary noma i-Wankel. Empeleni, kumayelana ikhamera eyodwa, kodwa indawo kabani ihlukaniswe kathathu nge-rotor enomumo ongunxantathu phakathi nendawo. Kungenjalo, kuye kwaba njalo imijikelezo efanayo nenjini yepiston enemivimbo emine: ukungenisa, ukucindezelwa, ukunwetshwa kanye nokukhipha umoya.
Uma kubhekwa izici zale njini, lawa makamelo omlilo ayi eyakhiwe izindonga zangaphakathi ze-stator kanye nobuso be-rotor engunxantathu. Kungakho zinesimo socezu lapho zisesigabeni sevolumu enkulu kakhulu. Kuvidiyo elandelayo ungabona ukuthi banjani nokuthi basebenza kanjani:
Futhi kuthiwani ngezinjini ezinama-stroke amabili?
En los izinjini ezimbili Inokunye okungavamile. Ngokuvamile zisebenza ngenxa yesinye isikhala esithola igama elithi Igumbi lokucindezela. Ingxube yomoya, uphethiloli kanye namafutha abasebenza ngawo ingena kuwo ngokusebenzisa i- ichweba lokungena, ukuyicindezela kusengaphambili bese ugcoba injini. Bese uya ekamelweni omlilo ngokusebenzisa imbobo yokushaja.
Futhi, izinjini ezimbili-stroke abanawo ama-valve ekamelweni elivuthayoi-spark plug nje. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingxube ingena ngembobo yokungena futhi amagesi abangelwa ukuvutha kukaphethiloli aphuma ngembobo yokukhipha umoya. Zombili zibekwe endaweni ephakeme ethile yesilinda futhi zimbozwe noma zingamboziwe kuye ngobude bepiston.
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