Enye yama-brake discs angcono kakhulu esingawathola amabhuleki e-ceramic. Izimfanelo zayo zingaphezulu kakhulu kwamabhuleki ajwayelekile athwalwa yizimoto eziningi.
Phakathi kwakhe izinzuzo yilezi: ukumelana kwayo okukhulu, isisindo esiphansi kanye nokuqina okukhulu. Nakuba ziningi ezinye izinto ezinhle abaningi abangazazi. Ngokuqondene neyakhe ukungalungi, ngaphandle kwezindleko zayo eziphakeme, okusho ukuthi sizibona kuphela kwezinye izimoto zezemidlalo, akhona namanye ama-cons enza abantu abangaphezu koyedwa bazisole ngokuyithenga.
izinhlobo zamabhuleki
I-disc brake empeleni yenziwe nge-caliper nama-disc pads. A i-brake disc iyithuluzi elilula. Umsebenzi wayo ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic okunyakaza okuqondile kwemoto ekushiseni lapho ibanjwe yi-caliper kanye nama-brake pads (ngokusebenzisa i-friction). Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-disc kumele zibe nekhono lokumunca futhi zikhiphe ukushisa, kuyilapho zibe nokumelana okwanele komshini ukumelana namandla okubamba i-caliper kanye ne-torque yokubhuleka. Idinga futhi ukudlulisa inani elifanele nelilawulekayo lokungqubuzana lapho usebenzisana nama-brake pads.
Ekwenziweni kwamabhuleki kunezinhlobo ezintathu, nakuba kulesi sihloko sizogxila ezimbili zazo:
- Insimbi, eyenziwe ngensimbi eqinile.
- I-Carboceramics noma i-ceramics (eyakhiwe nge-matrix ye-ceramic)
- Ikhabhoni ehlanzekile (esetshenziswa emncintiswaneni)
Izinzuzo ze-ceramic braces
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukusebenza kwamabhuleki e-ceramic kuphakeme kunokwensimbi. Akunandaba ukuthi zinembobo, ziklwetshiwe noma ezinye imiklamo ukuze zithuthukise amakhono azo, izitsha zobumba zizohlala zingaphezulu kakhulu.
Ikhwalithi yabo eyinhloko ukuthi bane- ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ngakho azibonisi izimpawu zokukhathala ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa kakhulu. Kungakho kungenakwenzeka ngabo ukuthi bagoqe ngenxa yokushaqeka okungazelelwe kokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ifakwe izimoto eziklanyelwe isekethe, ama-supercars noma, njengokwengeziwe, ezimotweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ungabona amabhuleki e-ceramic esebenza ekuhlolweni kwe-Audi RS3 Sedan:
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kanye nezinye izakhiwo impahla yayo, nayo ahlala isikhathi eside kunamabhuleki ajwayelekile. Kakhulu, kangangokuthi ngokuvamile kuthiwa zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu 300.000 km. Nokho lesi sibalo siyadukisa ngoba, kuye ngokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani kanye nohlobo lwemoto, ubude bayo bungancipha kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikhulumi ngisho nangamakhilomitha angu-300.000 kumjikelezo, kodwa kunalokho ngokushayela okuvamile.
Njengokwengeziwe, isisindo sawo siyingxenye yezensimbi. Okuletha enye inzuzo eyengeziwe ezimotweni zezemidlalo ezizithwalayo, ezidinga ngokunembile ukunciphisa isisindo sazo ngangokunokwenzeka. Le nzuzo igcizelelwa nakakhulu kwezinye izimo, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo zisebenzisa izinto ezingasindi njenge-aluminium noma i-titanium ukunciphisa isisindo sezinye izingxenye zebhuleki.
amabhuleki e-ceramic futhi inganciphisa amabanga okuma kwezinye izimo. Nakuba lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi balahlekelwa amandla amancane okubhuleka lapho kushisa.
Inzuzo abaningi abangayiqapheli ihlobene nemvelo. izinsimbi ze-ceramic ukukhiqiza uthuli olucolile oluncane kakhulu lapho usebenza. Izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu ezihlala zilenga emoyeni futhi ezithinta impilo yabantu futhi zehlise neminyaka yabo yokuphila.
Ukungalungi kwe-ceramic braces
Uzobona ukuthi lolu hlu lufushane kakhulu kunezinzuzo, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi izinsimbi ze-ceramic nazo zinabo abalingani bazo. Eyokuqala futhi esobala kakhulu inani, enkulu kakhulu kunaleyo yama-brake discs avamile.
Okubi abanye abathengi abangazi ngakho uma bekhetha ukufaka amabhuleki e-ceramic ukuthi bayakhala ngefrequency ethile. Umsindo ongacasula ngandlela thize ezimotweni ezisetshenziselwa okuthile okungekona umjaho. Isibonelo, kulayini we-RS kusuka kwa-Audi noma amamodeli we-M avela kwaBMW.
Yiziphi izinsimbi ze-ceramic ezenziwe?
Nakuba zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-ceramic braces ukuze kube lula, kulungile kakhulu ukuwabiza ngamadiski ayinhlanganisela ye-ceramic. Igama elithi composite libhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi i-ceramic material, i-silicon, ihlanganiswe ne-carbon fiber ukwandisa ukumelana kwayo. Ngakho babizwa futhi amabhuleki e-carbon ceramic.
Ukuze sibe neqiniso ngokwengeziwe, i-carbon fiber ihlanganiswe ngezinga elikhulu, kodwa ishiya ezinye izimbotshana lapho i-silicon carbide encibilikisiwe ingena khona, yakhe i-matrix ye-ceramic ngaphakathi. Umphumela uba isakhi esiqine ngokwedlulele esimelana nemihuzuko kanye nezinga lokushisa.
zenziwa kanjani
Ukwakha ingaphakathi le-ceramic discs I-carbon fiber ixubene ne-resin, ifakwa esikhunjeni esimise okwe-disc futhi iyahlangana ngomshini wokunyathelisa ngamandla angamathani angama-20 ngenkathi ukushisisa ku-200ºC. Ngalokhu, i-carbon fiber iyahlanganiswa futhi i-resin iba ipulasitiki.
Ngemuva kokupholisa ama-disc, izingxenye ezimahhadlahhadla ziyasuswa bese kwenziwa izimbobo zokungenisa umoya, ukuwashisa ngokushesha futhi kuhhavini izinsuku ezimbili. Laphaya izinga lokushisa layo lizokhuphuka lifike ku-1.000 degrees kancane kancane ukukhiqiza ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali okuguqula ipulasitiki ibe yikhabhoni.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo engeza i-silicon powder enhle ku-disc bese uyibuyisela kuhhavini amanye amahora angama-24. Laphaya kancane kancane izoshisa ifike ku-1.700ºC, ukuncibilikisa impushana ye-silicon ibe yi-silicon carbide. Into eqinile kakhulu engena kuma-micropores ediski.
Manje yisikhathi sokwenza okuthile izimbobo ezengeziwe ngaphakathi, okuyilapho kuzofakwa khona inkomishi edingekayo ukuze ikwazi ukuzifaka. Kamuva, ungqimba lopende ovikelayo lwengezwe ukuhlukanisa i-carbon ku-oxygen emkhathini. Isinyathelo esibalulekile, esivimbela umoya-mpilo ukuthi ungavumeli ikhabhoni ukuba ivuthe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Upende ulapheka kwelinye ihhavini, ushiye impushana emhlophe.
Ekugcineni, irobhothi lipholisha ingaphezulu lamadiski futhi ikhamera ihlaziya idiski ezingeni elincane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi awekho amabala. Uma lokhu kuhlolwa kwekhwalithi sekuqediwe, inkomishi iyengezwa ukuze ifakwe emotweni. Njengoba ubona, kuyinqubo ende lapho zonke izinyathelo ezihlanganiswe ndawonye zidlula isonto ukukhiqiza iqoqo lamadiski.
Lolu hlobo lwento lubizwa nge-Carbon Fiber-reinforced Silicon Carbide (C-SiC), okuhunyushwa kwayo ngesiSpanish I-Carbon fiber iqiniswe nge-Silicon Carbide.
Izinhlobo zezinsimbi ze-ceramic
Njengamasistimu amaningi nezinto ezisunguliwe emhlabeni wezimoto, uhlobo ngalunye lunikeza igama elihlukile njengengxenye yomkhankaso wakho wokumaketha. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi umehluko obalulekile phakathi kokukodwa nokunye mncane noma awukho ngokokusebenza nokwakhiwa kwawo.
Kunjalo ngamabhuleki e-ceramic, ahamba ngamagama afana ne-Ceramic Composite Material (TLC), I-Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) noma amabhuleki e-Carbon Ceramic (I-CCB). Amagama aqondile ngisho nangaphezulu afaka uphawu olufana nePorsche Ceramic Composite Brakes (I-PCCB). Kodwa, empeleni, sibhekene nohlobo olufanayo lwamabhuleki ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe obuchazwe ngenhla: I-Silicon Carbide eqiniswe yi-Carbon Fiber (C-SiC).
Uhlobo lwamabhuleki ngawo akufanele kudidaniswe namabhuleki eCarbon-Carbon (C/C).. Zisetshenziswa ku-aeronautics, ezokuthutha zikaloliwe kanye I-Formula 1, ngoba ziyamelana nakakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza kwayo liphezulu kakhulu ukuthi lingafaka amabhuleki emoto yasemgwaqweni. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, akuwona amabhuleki e-ceramic ngoba anekhabhoni ephathwa ngendlela eqondile, okuthatha isikhathi eside ukukhiqiza.
Ingabe kufanelekile ukubeka izinsimbi ze-ceramic?
amabhuleki enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu yemoto yethu engaphansi kokuphepha okusebenzayo. Amabhuleki amahle asivumela ukuthi simise imoto ngokushesha futhi, kuye ngecala, sigweme ingozi engenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ngokwalesi sizathu, izinsimbi ze-ceramic zizoba yisinqumo esihle uma unesabelomali. Nokho, lokhu akudingekile ukuba kube kanje.
Uma kubhekwa izimfanelo zayo, kunengqondo kuphela faka amabhuleki e-ceramic emotweni uma izosetshenziswa ngokujulile kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, ukusebenza kumjikelezo nokuzijwayeza ukushayela lokho ngezinye izinto ezibuthakathaka kungabangela ukuthi amadiski ashise kakhulu. Isimo esibi kakhulu esivame ukwenzeka emqhudelwaneni noma kumaqoqo esekethe adinga kakhulu.
intengo ye-ceramic braces
Izimoto ezithengeka kakhulu ezimotweni zokukhiqiza amamodeli angahlonyiswa njenge-extra for cishe ama-euro angama-10.000. Yize lokhu kukhishwa kuvame ukufaka izingcezu zamaphistoni amaningi, ukuguqulwa kwe-chassis ukuze kuthuthukiswe indlela eziphatha ngayo kanye neminye imininingwane yobuhle.
Uma siya kokunye okweqisayo, enye yezinto ezibiza kakhulu ezimotweni zasemgwaqweni ama-Bugatti Chiron's carbon-ceramic brake discs. Ukuwashintsha kanye namaphedi e-titanium aphrintiwe e-3D kanye nezindleko ze-caliper ezingaphezu kwama-50.000 ama-euro.
Ngamafuphi
Amabhuleki e-Ceramic enziwe i-carbon fibre ye-ceramic eqinisiwe. Le nhlanganisela ye-ceramic, kanye ne-silicon carbide, inikeza ukumelana okukhulu nokuhuzuka, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngobulukhuni obukhulu.
Imvelaphi yamabhuleki e-ceramic ivela ezindizeni kanye nasemiqhudelwaneni, enikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwamabhuleki lubonakala ngokuba ne- ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokufiphala futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, zingahlala isikhathi eside izikhathi ezine kunezinsimbi ezivamile zamabhuleki.
Izinga lokushisa amabhuleki angafinyelela kulo uma siwasebenzisa I-700ºC, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo. Ngenhlanhla, amabhuleki e-ceramic awanayo le nkinga futhi ayakwazi ukusabalalisa ukushisa phezu kwayo yonke indawo yediski.
Ngokuphathelene nesisindo samabhuleki e-ceramic, kungashiwo ukuthi kunjalo elula kakhulu kunalezo ezijwayelekile. Lolu hlobo lwamabhuleki lungaba nesisindo esinguhhafu, okusinikeza ukonga okubalulekile kwesisindo.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinzuzo kumabhuleki e-ceramic. Lawa mabhuleki ane- intengo ephezulu kakhulu, okubenza bakhetheke kakhulu futhi kuphela izimoto zezemidlalo ezivela ezinkampanini ezifana neFerrari noma i-Porsche ezihlomisa lolu hlobo lwamabhuleki ezimotweni zabo. Izindleko zalolu hlobo lwamabhuleki zingadlula I-9.000 euro.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-ceramic brake disc kuhamba kancane kuneyejwayelekile, futhi kungathatha cishe usuku olugcwele ukwenza irekhodi elilodwa.
Impilo yesevisi yama-ceramic brake disc ingafinyelela 300.000 amakhilomitha. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinhlobo zamabhuleki ngeke zidinge ukushintshwa kuyo yonke impilo yemoto.
Izithombe – i-twin-loc, Andy Durst, Travis Isaacs, Yahya S., The359, Ben Ramirez, Bill Abbott, Razvan Orendovici