Izinzuzo kanye nokubi injini-stroke ezimbili

Ngenxa yemithetho yokulwa nokungcola, izimoto ezine injini enemivimbo emibili phansi emigwaqweni. Sekuphele iminyaka eminingi kunezimoto ezinalolu hlobo lwenjini. Kodwa-ke, sisengathola ezinye izithuthuthu ezincane ezihambisayo ngalolu hlobo lwe-propeller.

Like the injini enemivimbo emine, injini enama-stroke amabili inomjikelezo wezigaba ezine. Nokho, ibonakala ngokuthi enze ezine ngezibalo ezimbili nje. Izigaba zokungeniswa, ukucindezelwa, ukunwetshwa kanye nokukhipha umoya kuhlanganiswe ngezikhathi ze ukungena-ukucindezela y ukunweba-ukukhipha.

Izingxenye zenjini enama-stroke amabili

Injini enama-stroke amabili ilula kakhulu kunenjini enamasondo amane. Ikakhulukazi ngoba, esikhundleni sama-valve, inamalambu amathathu, okuyindawo lapho ingxube ye-air-fuel ingena khona nalapho ukugcotshwa kwenzeka khona. Yiphiston ngokwalo eliwakhiyayo noma eliwavula kalula njengendawo yawo.

• injini block: lapho izimbobo noma amasilinda akha i izindonga kanye phezulu amakamelo omlilo. Iphinde ibe ne- ukuthandwa:
  • Imbobo yokungena: lapho ingxube ivunyelwe ukungena ku-crankcase
  • Imbobo yokushaja: lapho ingxube ekwi-crankcase idlula khona egumbini elivuthayo
  • I-Exhaust port: lapho amagesi e-exhaust akhishwa lapho ingxube isishisiwe
• Ukungenisa okuningi: imigudu umoya ongena ngayo emakamelweni omlilo, lapho isikhundla se-piston sikuvumela.
• Okuningi: amapayipi okuphuma kuwo amagesi e-exhaust, lapho isikhundla se-piston sikuvumela.
• Pistons: Ingabe izingxenye ezihambayo ezivala amakamelo omlilo ngezansi. Zixhunywe ku-crankshaft ngokuxhuma izinduku.
• I-Crankshaft: ekseni lokho guqula ukunyakaza komugqa ukuphakama nokuwa kwamapiston ngokunyakaza okuyisiyingi.
• izinduku zokuxhuma: izingxenye ezihambayo ukuthi namathisela ama-piston ku-crankshaft.
• Amapulagi: ezinjinini ezinama-stroke amabili kuyadingeka ama-spark plug abangela inhlansi ukuthi iqhumise ingxube.
• Sump: ingxenye leyo vala injini ngezansi, kodwa ngokungafani nezinjini ezine-stroke, yona ayinawo amafutha okugcoba. Ezinjinini ezine-stroke uwoyela uxutshwa nomoya kanye nophethiloli. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokuthi imise okwebhakede, ivamise ukuma i-semi-cylindrical ukushiya isikhala esanele se-crankshaft.

Ukusebenza kwenjini enemivimbo emibili

Ngaphambi kokuchaza ukuthi umjikelezo wethiyori wenjini enama-stroke amabili unjani, kufanelekile ukuchaza izici ezimbili:

• Ukuqhuma kwenzeka ekujikelezweni ngakunye kwe-crankshaft.. Okusho ukuthi, okuphindwe kabili kunezinjini ezine-stroke ezine, ezenza ama-revolution amabili ngokuqhuma ngakunye.
• I-crankcase yenza imisebenzi emibili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- Igumbi lokucindezela yengxube yomoya, uphethiloli namafutha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le ngxube, equkethe phakathi kuka-2% no-5% uwoyela, iyona egcoba kokubili amasilinda, i-crankshaft kanye nezinduku zokuxhuma.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Indlela yokukhetha isigqoko sesithuthuthu ngokusho kokusetshenziswa ozokunikeza

Umjikelezo wetiyori wenjini enama-stroke amabili uthi:

1. Ukungena-ukucindezela: uma ipiston ifika phansi ekushayweni kwayo, yembula imbobo yokushaja bese ivumela ingxube kukhrenki ukuthi ingene egumbini elivuthayo. I-piston ibe isikhuphuka ukuze iminyanise le ngxube, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo idala ingcindezi engalungile ku-crankcase ukuze igcwalise isipele ngengxube eyengeziwe ngembobo yokungena.
2. ukunweba-ukukhipha: Uma ipiston isendaweni yayo ephezulu efile, ipulaki yenhlansi ikhiqiza inhlansi eqhumisa ingxube. Lokhu kucindezela ipiston phansi futhi ukuze ithole amandla e-kinetic. Ukunyakaza okuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo kucindezela ingxube eku-crankcase. Lapho yehlisa i-piston, ivula i-exhaust port ukuze amagesi akwazi ukuphuma. Ukwehla ngaphezulu, kwembula imbobo yokushaja futhi sibuyela esikhathini sokungena-sokucindezela. Lokhu kufakwa kwengxube kusiza ekukhipheni amagesi asele ekamelweni elivuthayo.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi injini-stroke ezimbili

Izinzuzo

• Ukwakhiwa kwalolu hlobo lwemoto kakhulu elula futhi engabizi, njengoba ingenawo ama-valve ngakho-ke noma yikuphi uhlobo lwesistimu yokusabalalisa.
• Lezi zinjini zine amandla amaningi ngokususwa kwayo ngoba banomsindo njalo uma i-piston ikhuphuka.
• Ngesizathu esifanayo banamapheya avamile.
• Angasebenza kunoma yisiphi isikhundla, njengoba kungekho mafutha ku-crankcase yenjini enemivimbo emibili.
• Ukugcinwa kwayo kulula kakhulu, ngoba ayinazo izakhi eziningi njengezinye izinjini.
• Banayo eyodwa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-thermodynamic, njengoba izinga lokushisa eliphansi likhiqizwa lapho kwenziwa ukushiswa kwengxube ye-air-fuel.

nebubi

• La ukungcola okukhiqizwa yilezi zinjini mkhulu, ngenxa yokuba khona kwamafutha engxubeni. Lokhu kwanda kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni akubangelwa nje kuphela ukuthi i-lubricant iyasha ekuqhumeni ngakunye, kodwa ukuba khona kwayo kanye kubangela ukuthi ingxube eshisiwe ingahlangabezani nesilinganiso esifanele se-stoichiometric.
• El gqoka izingxenye yenjini enama-stroke amabili iphakeme kunenjini enamasondo amane. Isizathu esikhulu yingoba ijubane lokuzungeza kwalezi zinjini liphezulu kakhulu kunezinjini ezine-stroke esizaziyo sonke.
• Banayo eyodwa ukusebenza kahle okuphansi.

I-two-stroke Vs. injini yama-four-stroke

Izithombe 2 no-4 - John Lloyd, Jan Willem Broekema