Amabhuleki ezimoto, asebenza kanjani futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona?

Amabhuleki angezinye zalezo zinhlelo ezifakwa kuzo zonke izimoto., izingxenye zayo ezingabonakali zihlobene kakhulu lapho uthenga imoto. Ezikhathini eziningi, asiyazi imizamo emikhulu eyenziwa yizinkampani ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemikhiqizo esivele imakethiwe.

Ngejubane elifanayo, akufani nokumisa imoto efana nePorsche Cayenne (enesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani amabili) kune-Alfa Romeo 4C isisindo sayo esomile singeqi ithani elilodwa.Kubukeka sengathi kunelukuluku lokucabanga ukuthi enye yama Ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwemboni yezimoto akukona ukuthuthukisa amandla; kungenjalo ukuthuthukisa amandla okumisa.

Yingakho, kulesi senzakalo, kusukela Actualidad Motor, sifuna ukunikeza umbono jikelele we izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-braking systems kanye nezingxenye zazo okubaluleke nakakhulu ukuze ngendlela engokoqobo, singaqondi nje ukusebenza kuphela; kodwa futhi, isizathu sokuqaliswa kwayo kumodeli yemoto ngayinye.

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, sisenkathini lapho, ngokubona kwethu, inhloso eyinhloko yemikhiqizo yezimoto kungaba ukuthuthukisa izinjini ezinamandla nezinobungani nemvelo. Kodwa-ke, amabhuleki emoto ayizici ezenza isenzo esiphambene nokuqhutshwa kwemishini futhi ngaphandle kwazo; ingxenye enkulu yobuchwepheshe obugxile ekuphepheni (okufana ne-ABS, amasistimu okubona abahamba ngezinyawo, amasistimu okubhuleka okuzenzakalelayo,...) angeke asho lutho. Futhi, ngemuva kwakho konke ukuhlolwa okubanzi ngezinto ezintsha kwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo ezisiza ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezintsha ezinamandla, ezishibhile nezilula.

Iyini inhloso yamabhuleki emoto?

Inhloso yanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwamabhuleki uku guqula amandla okunyakaza abe amandla ashisayo ukuze uthole ukwehla kwejubane noma ukukhiya imoto lapho ipakiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye ezakha amabhuleki kumele zikwazi ukumisa imoto, zikwazi ukuqeda ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.

Yiziphi izingxenye zesistimu yamabhuleki?

Ngokuyisisekelo, zingafingqwa ngokuthi: idivayisi yokulawula, eqhutshwa umshayeli; ukudluliswa kwe-hydraulic (esebenza njengesixhumi nje) kanye ne idivayisi yokubhuleka. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-ABS, kunikeza ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki ngokuphindaphinda ama-oda akhiqizwa umshayeli.

Kulungisiswa ngoMthetho kaPascal

Kokubili i-drive pedal kanye namabhuleki axhunywe yi-hydraulic circuit. Lona wakamuva unesibopho shayela i-cylinder enkulu omfutho wayo oqoqiwe udluliselwa ku-pad noma esicathulweni sokubhuleka; okuthi, cindezela ngokumelene nediski noma ngokumelene nesigubhu; ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa isivinini semoto. I-viscous fluid esetshenziswa kumjikelezo we-hydraulic iyinhlanganisela ethile ebizwa ngokuthi i-brake fluid.

Kungani usebenzise ama-brake discs?

Ukwenyuka kwesivinini esiphezulu esifinyelelwe yizimoto kanye nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo emikhulu nemigwaqo esheshayo kuye kwanciphisa ukushintshwa kwezigubhu zamabhuleki ngama-disc brakes kwi-ekseli yangaphambili. Idiski (elizungeza lilonke ngesivinini esifanayo nesosondo) ifakwe kulona kusuka ezinhlangothini zombili.

Izinzuzo zama-disc brakes yiwo ukupholisa okuhle, ukunciphisa amathuba okushisa ngokweqile. Futhi ngokumelene namanzi noma umswakama; kuyoba ukuphenduka kwesondo ngokwalo okulixoshayo; ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki cishe inakekelwe ngokuphelele.

La ukunemba okungalawulwa ngakho ukubhuleka liphakeme; Nokho, amandla okubhuleka awakwazi ukuphindaphindwa njengoba kwenzeka kumabhuleki ezigubhu; futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, eyakhe amandla okumisa lapho kumile mancane kunasesimweni sezigubhu.

Ayini amabhuleki ezigubhu?

Ukusebenza kwe-braking kufinyelelwa ngokunwetshwa kwamanye ama-pads etholakala ngaphakathi kwesigubhu esiyicylindrical ngokumelene nezindonga zayo; elizungeza kanye nesondo. Njengelukuluku, kukhiqizwa umphumela osiza ukukhiqiza amandla okubhuleka futhi okungukuthi; uma ibhuleka, amandla e-centrifugal aphoqa izicathulo ukuba zinamathele odongeni lwesilinda okukhiqiza amandla engeziwe.

Njengezinto ezimbi singakhuluma ngazo umthamo wokuchithwa kwamanzi ompofu noma ongekho kanye/noma umswakama osele, obangela ukwehla kokusebenza kwawo. Njengokungathi lokhu akwanele, i ukukhishwa kokushisa kumpofu kakhulu kunesistimu ye-brake ye-disc.

Ukungalungi ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile

Kunenkinga ebizwa "isikhiya somoya"; okubangelwa ukushisa kwe-brake fluid ngenxa yokuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu atholakala kuma-brake pads. Lokhu kubangela lokho amathumba e-brake fluid futhi ngenxa yalokho, amabhamuza akhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwesekethe ye-hydraulic. Ingcindezi eyenziwa yi-brake pedal ayisebenzi futhi ingagcina imise amabhuleki ukuthi angasebenzi ngokuphelele.

Enye drawback enkulu "ukukhathala". Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka lapho amabhuleki esetshenziswa kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane. Kokubili amaphedi namabhuleki ashisa ngokweqile futhi ngenxa yalokho, khiqiza igesi esebenza ekugcobiseni uhlelo kanye nokunciphisa ukungqubuzana kanjalo nempumelelo yokubhuleka.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-brake disc akhona?

• Ama-brake discs aqinile. Yisibonelo esiyisisekelo kakhulu se-brake disc. Aqukethe i-disc yensimbi (insimbi evamile) okuthi, ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi zokukhiqiza, ifakwe ku-axle yangaphambili yezimoto eziningi ezilula. I-drawback yayo enkulu yi- amandla okupholisa ampofu.
• ama-brake discs anomoya. Sibhekene namadiski asetshenziswa kakhulu yimboni yezimoto. Ahlanganisa inyunyana yamadiski amabili anemicu yokufaka umoya phakathi kwawo. Uma siziqhathanisa namadiski aqinile, umthamo wokungenisa umoya ungama-30% ngaphezulu; ngaleyo ndlela andisa ibhuleki pad. I-drawback yayo enkulu isisindo sayo esisindayo.
• Amadiskhi angena umoya athuthukile. Lezi zihlanganisa kokubili ama-perforated discs nama-fluted disc. Afana namadiski angena umoya kodwa futhi, babe nezimbobo noma imifantu ethuthukisa ukuqhutshwa komoya ngabo kanye nalo, ukupholisa kwabo. Imvamisa, bagibele ezimotweni zezemidlalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye ne-axle yangaphambili.

Ayini ama-gags?

Ama-caliper ayizingxenye okuthi, ngepiston, ziphushe amabhuleki kuma-disc njalo uma i-pedal yebhuleki icushiwe. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili:

• imihlathi entantayo: amandla akhiqizwa ngokuphambene nesenzo esikhulu, abangela iphedi elisebusweni obuhlukile ukuthi icindezele odongeni lwediski. Ukulungiswa kokubili kwamaphedi nge-disc kuyaqhubeka futhi asikho isikhathi lapho kukhona ukungafani ekusetshenzisweni kwayo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amandla okubhuleka angashintshi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• I-piston caliper ephikisayo: kulesi senzakalo, ama-pistons abekwe ezinhlangothini zombili ze-brake disc; ukuyicindezela kanyekanye. Njengomphumela wokwanda kwesisindo (ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwemihlathi emibili) ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinto ezilula njenge-aluminium. Njenge-drawback, banjalo ngenkani ukuthi igxunyekwe ngentaba entantayo lokho kuvimbela ukuguqulwa kwabo ngenxa yokushisa kwe-braking.

Umthombo- Apex