I-Le Dakar, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-Paris-Dakar" esisaxova ngayo ama-Euro, lwaqala ngo-1978 njengohambo lokuzidela yiqembu lezigilamkhuba zaseFrance eliholwa umgijimi wezithuthuthu Thierry Sabin. Ubebambe iqhaza ohlelweni lwango-1977 lwe-Abidjan - Nice rally eyayiphakathi kwendawo manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-République de Côte d'Ivoire (IRiphabhulikhi yase-Ivory Coast) kanye ne-French Côte d'Azur ngenkathi kwesinye isigaba sokuhlolwa enza iphutha futhi. kwaba izinsuku ezimbalwa ezilahlekile eLe Ténéré, amakhilomitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amane ogwadule oludlulele engxenyeni eseningizimu-maphakathi yogwadule lwaseSahara olubizwa ngokuthi “ugwadule oluwugwadule”.
Okwamanje I-Le Dakar ihlelwe yinkampani yaseFrance i-Amaury Sport Organisation (inkampani efanayo ehlela uhambo lwamabhayisikili lwaseSpain) futhi kuwumhlangano ongaqali eParis futhi ongapheli eDakar. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayilubeki ngisho unyawo emhlabathini waseYurophu noma wase-Afrika, kodwa noma kunjalo, isabhekwa njengenye yezivivinyo eziqinile zokuthi bangaki ababamba iqhaza emhlabeni. Izidingo zomzimba nezengqondo zabahlanganyeli kufanele zihlolwe kukho konke futhi inhlangano kumele ilwe unyaka nonyaka nezingxabano ezingenakubalwa ezihaqe lo mqhudelwano.
Futhi ngakho konke kwaqala ...
Nokho, uThierry Sabine wacabanga kanjalo ukulahleka e-Le Ténéré kwaba uhambo oluzophindwa Naphezu kokungasekelwa UJean-Claude Bertrand, umcabango womhlangano we-Abidjan-Nice, owacabanga ukuthi umbono kaThierry Sabine wawungathakazelisi kwezohwebo. Naphezu kwalokhu kuphazamiseka, u-Thierry Sabine kanye neqembu labathandi be-off-road baqala ngo-December 26, 1978 ku-adventure injongo yayo yayingeyona into ejabulisayo.
Paris – Algiers – Dakar
Ukuze azazise, futhi inhlebo ithi ekucasuleni kukaJean-Claude Bertrand, u-Thierry Sabine wabheka indawo yokuqala eyayingaba imithombo yezindaba eyanele ukuze idonse ukunaka kwalabo bantu kancane noma abangenaso nhlobo isithakazelo ku-adventure yakhe. . Kuze kube manje, akunqunywa lutho futhi akukho okungaphansi kwalokho qala uhambo lwakho ezingadini ze-Champs-de-Mars, ezansi kwe-Eiffel Tower.
Ngokusuka ekhoneni elinjalo eliyisakhiwo sodumo eParis, umqondo wawuwukujabulela uhlobo lohambo oluthulile oluya e-Sète (Montpellier – Hérault) lapho babezowela khona ngesikebhe baye e-Alger (Algiers ngeSpanishi). Lapho sebefikile enhlabathini yase-Afrika, kwaqala ingxenye yokuzijabulisa engathathwa njengomncintiswano. futhi lokho kwabaholela ekubeni bahambe amakhilomitha angu-5.534 31 anzima ngokwedlulele phakathi kuka-December 1978, 14 no-January 1979, XNUMX, lapho befika eDakar, inhloko-dolobha yaseRépublique du Sénégal. Kulolu shicilelo lokuqala, abaphumelele kwakunguChristian Contamine no-Alain Génestier begibela iRange Rover, noCyril Neveu, ababegibele i-Yamaha XT 500..
Kuphinde kube yilolu hlelo lokuqala, usuku lokuphumula olungahleliwe lwahlongozwa ngoJanuwari 8, 1979 eGao, idolobha elisosebeni lomfula iNiger eRépublique du Mali.
Ukuduma kwalolu vivinyo kubhekane nokukhuphuka okuqinile okuvumele ukuthi kwaziwe emhlabeni wonke futhi okwenza abashayeli abaziwayo babambe iqhaza futhi izinkampani ezibalulekile zanquma ukuxhasa abanye abashayeli abangaziwa kakhulu. Abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bafuna ukubamba iqhaza kulo mhlangano, izinkampani eziningi ngokwengeziwe, kuhlanganise nabakhiqizi, beziqhayisa ngokubamba iqhaza. Isibonelo, akekho ongazi ngokukhangisa okwenziwa i-Peugeot ngenkathi ngo-1987 no-1988 umnqobi wokuhlolwa IPeugeot 205 T16...
Kunezinto eziningi ezithokozisayo e-Le Dakar, ngokwesibonelo, leyo eyangibamba kakhulu ngenkathi ngifuna ukwaziswa kwalesi sihloko ithola. owawina uhlelo lwango-1982, uClaude Marreau, wayeshayela iRenault 20!!!
Ingxabano kusukela ngosuku lokuqala
Ngeshwa, ziningi ilukuluku njengoba kunezingxabano. Ezigabeni eziyishumi zokuqala, ukufa kwabayisithupha kwabhalwa phakathi kwabahlanganyeli kanye nabayishumi phakathi "komphakathi". Ngifuna ukugcizelela okhefana abahlanekezelwe ngoba ukungahleleki kwenza izimoto zidlule eduze nendawo noma phakathi kwamadolobhana amancane ngaphandle kokuqaphela abahlala kuzo. Eqinisweni, ingxenye yabashonile yizingane ebezidlala emgwaqweni. Kufanele futhi kucaciswe ukuthi abane kwabashonile bagingqike ezingozini ezimbili ezahlukene, izimoto zosizo lokuhlola, okungukuthi, izimoto ezazingaqhudelani ngaleso sikhathi (namuhla kunesigaba esihlukile sezimoto zosizo) .
Kepha mhlawumbe ingozi eyaba nomthelela omkhulu kulezi zigaba eziyishumi zokuqala yileyo elahlekise impilo yomhleli uThierry Sabine, kanye nabanye abantu abane, lapho indiza enophephela emhlane ababehamba ngayo ithola ingozi ngo-January 14, 1986.
Izimbangela zale ngozi azikacaci kahle. Kukholakala, futhi kukholakala kuphela, ukuthi ngemuva kokusiza, indiza enophephela emhlane yahamba ngesivinini esincane ukuze ihambisane nemoto lapho ibuyela ekamu. Indiza enophephela emhlane ibihamba endaweni ephansi kakhulu kanti kuthiwa endundumeni emgwaqeni le moto yafika izoklaba i-ski kwesokudla sendiza enophephela emhlane yase iphazamisa. Umbiko wengozi uphinde ukhombise ukuthi imoto ehamba kuzo zonke izindawo yaphakanyiswa phezu kwendunduma okuwukuphela kwayo endaweni engamakhilomitha ayi-150.
Kwenzeka lokhu nje naye ubehamba ngendiza enophephela emhlane Umculi waseFrance uDaniel Balavoine. Uke wahlanganyela ezigabeni ezedlule zokuhlolwa, kodwa kulokhu waba nengxenye njengenxusa le-Paris du Cœur foundation (Paris de corazón), inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ebihlose ukusizakala ngohlelo lomhlangano ukufaka imithombo yamanzi emadolobheni nasezigodini ezihlukahlukene zase-Afrika lapho ukuhlolwa kwenzeka khona.
Enye ingozi eyaphawuleka kakhulu ngeyendoda engumFulentshi uJean-Michel Baron, owamfaka emilanjeni waze washona ngoSepthemba 2, 2010.
Izinguquko emzileni
Kulezi zinhlelo ezintathu ezilandelayo izinguquko ezincane zabonwa futhi zihlobene nokufika komkhumbi emhlabathini wase-Afrika. Ngo-1989 umnyango wokungena e-Afrika kwakuyiTunis (Tunisia) kwathi ngo-1990 nango-1991 kwaba yiTripoli, inhloko-dolobha yaseLibya.
Uhlelo lwango-1992 lweParis – Dakar aluzange luhambe eParis futhi aluzange lufike eDakar. Yaqala ngoDisemba 24, 1991 edolobheni laseRouen (Seine-Maritime - Normandie) yaphela ngoJanuwari 16, 1992 eKapa (eKapa - eNingizimu Afrika).
Uhlelo lwango-1993 lwabuyisa isiqalo eParis kanye nesiphetho eDakar, kodwa ngomzila othize okhethekile odlulayo. ukungezwani okuhlukile nabaphathi baseFrance. Isigaba sokuqala, ngoJanuwari 1, 1993, kwakuwuhambo olumnandi olwahlanganisa amakhilomitha angaphezudlwana kuka-160 ahlukanisa iParis neChailley, isigodi esincane esinabantu abangaphezu kuka-500 esitholakala emnyangweni we-l'Yoone (Bourgogne-Franche -Comte). ). Izinsuku ezingu-2 no-3 zikaJanuwari zazisebenzela ukudluliselwa eTangier, lapho ukuhlolwa kwaqala khona ngempela ngoJanuwari 4, 1993.
Futhi ngokuvelela kweSpain
Iminyaka emithathu ilandelana izwe lethu libe nokubaluleka kwalo ekugubheni lo mbuthano.
Uhlelo luka-1994 lwaluhlelelwe ukuthi luqale eParis, lufinyelele eDakar futhi lubuyele eParis, kuhlanganise nokufika kwesiteji sesibili eGranada, ngoDisemba 30, 1993, kanye nokuqala kwesiteji seshumi nesikhombisa eMotril, ngoJanuwari 15. kusukela ngo-1994.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, inhlangano yafunda nge- ukwenqaba kwalowo owayeyimeya yaseParis ngaleso sikhathi, uJaques Chirac, ukuthi umhlangano wawuseChamps-Élysées., ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokucabanga kabili, ngendiza kwanqunywa ukuthi ukufika kuzoba seDisneyland Paris, eyavulwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Lokhu kungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwenhlangano nedolobha laseParis kwenza uhlelo lwango-1995 lwahamba eGranada futhi isigaba salo sokuqala, ngo-January 1, saphela eMotril.
Ngo-1995, uJacques Chirac washiya ihhovisi likameya waseParis lapho eqokwa njengomongameli weriphabhulikhi, izinkampani eziningi zaseFrance zakhuthaza inhlangano yomjaho ukuba ibuye edolobheni, kodwa uhlelo lwango-1996 lwasuka eGranada futhi.
Ngaphandle kweYurophu
Uhlelo lwango-1997 lwasuka eDakar, lwafika e-Agadez, idolobha eliphakathi kogwadule lwaseSahara kanye neSahel bioclimatic zone, lwabuyela eDakar. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni wayo, lo mbuthano wenzeka endaweni yase-Afrika ngokuphelele.
lokhu kwaphakamisa ukugxekwa okuqinile phakathi kwemikhakha yezimboni ehlukahlukene yaseFrance, abajoyinwa yi-Junta de Andalucía ngokwayo, eyasongela ukuhoxisa uxhaso futhi ishiye umhlangano osuvele ungowokulamula ngaphandle komthombo wayo owodwa wemali engenayo. Nokho abagqugquzeli balo mcimbi babazi ukuthi abazoyeka ukuxhasa lo mcimbi bazolahlekelwa kakhulu kunenhlangano uqobo.
Lo mdonsiswano wawusho ukuthi lezi zinhlelo ezilandelayo zazinemizila ethize ekhethekile futhi lokho kwakuncike ngezinga elithile ezivumelwaneni ezihlukene zezomnotho nezombusazwe okufinyelelwa kuzo ngesikhathi ngasinye. Eqinisweni, ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni eminingi, i imizila yeminyaka elandelayo Babe:
- 1998: Paris – Granada – Dakar
- 1999: Grenada-Dakar
- 2000: Paris - Dakar - Cairo
- 2001: Paris-Dakar
- 2002: Arras-Madrid-Dakar
- 2003: Marseille–Sharme el-Sheikh
- 2004: Clermont-Ferrand-Dakar
- 2005: Barcelona-Dakar
- 2006: Lisbon - Dakar
- 2007: Lisbon-Dakar
Ngalesi sikhathi soshintsho, ukunqoba kokuqala kweSpanishi: ngo-2004, ophumelele esigabeni sezithuthuthu kwaba isiCatalan U-Joan “Nani” Roma Cararach ugibele i-KTM.
umhlangano uyama
Usongo lwamaphekula bekulokhu luhlala njalo ezinhlelweni zokugcina zeLe Dakar. Eqinisweni, kakade Ohlelweni luka-2000, izigaba ezazihlelelwe phakathi kukaJanuwari 12 no-16 zamiswa. futhi bobabili abahlanganyeli kanye nenhlangano badluliselwe phakathi izindiza ezintathu ze-Antonov AN124 phakathi kweNiamey neSebha (Sabha) eLibya ekusebenzeni okubandakanya cishe ama-euro ayizigidi ezine ukuze kuhlelwe umhlangano. Nokho, ngo-2008, ukuhlolwa kwamiswa ngokuphelele.
Ngo-December 24, 2007, izakhamuzi ezine zaseFrance zabulawa eduze kwedolobha lase-Aleg (Brakna, Mauritania) udutshulwe yiqembu elihlomile elingaziwa. Naphezu kwezithembiso zaseMauritania zokuhlanganisa amasosha angaphezu kuka-4.000 ukuze iDakar idlule ezweni labo, Umkhulumeli kahulumeni waseFrance uLaurent Wauquiez watusa ngokuqinile ukuthi kungabi nesisodwa isakhamuzi saseFrance esiya eMauritania..
Ukuhlelwa kombuthano kuqhubekile nombono wawo wokuthi ukusuka e-Lisbon ngoJanuwari 4, 2008, kodwa ngosuku olwandulela wanquma ukukhansela ukuhamba, into engazange ijabulise abantu abangaphezu kuka-2.500, phakathi kwabashayeli bezindiza namalungu eqembu, ababethuthele enhloko-dolobha yasePutukezi ukuze bathathe isiqalo okufanele senzeke amahora ayishumi nambili kuphela ngemva kokukhansela.
landela impikiswano
Kulesi sikhathi sesibili sokuhlolwa, phakathi kweminyaka ka-1989 no-2007, ingxenye yezemidlalo yomcimbi yaqala ukwabelana ngokubaluleka ngezindaba zezomnotho, zezenhlalakahle nezombusazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba umcimbi onjalo wokulamula kusho ukuthi umthamo omkhulu kakhulu wolwazi uzungeza maqondana nezinhlelo ezedlule nokuthi bobabili ohulumeni nomphakathi baqala bangavumelani ezicini eziningi nenhlangano ye-Le Dakar.
Kulesi sikhathi kube nabanye abayisikhombisa abalimala phakathi kwababambe iqhaza. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ezinye zenzeke ngengozi, kodwa zikhona ezinye ezaphakamisa izikhalo ezihlukahlukene zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ohlelweni luka-1991, isiFulentshi UCharles Cabannes, umshayeli weloli elisiza iCitroën, udutshulwe wabulawa yilungu lebutho laseRépublique du Mali. ezimeni ezingakacaciswa okusolakala ukuthi ziqale ngokungaqondi kahle ngolimi, into engeke inikezwe ukuthi ulimi olusemthethweni lwase-République du Mali luyisiFulentshi ngokuqondile.
Ngo-1996, esigabeni sesihlanu, umshayeli Mercedes-Benz U-Laurent Gueguen ushone ngesikhathi iloli lakhe livutha umlilo ngemuva kokushayisana nemayini elwa nabasebenzi.
Kuhlelo lwe Ngo-2005, umshayeli wendiza waseSpain uJosé Manuel Pérez "el Carni" wehlelwa yingozi eyabangela ukufa kwakhe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva., ngemva nje kosuku ekhishwe kwelinye izwe futhi wangeniswa esibhedlela e-Alicante. Izithombe zomshayeli wendiza ngemuva kwengozi, efuna ukuqhubeka nokusho ukuthi bekungelutho zahamba emhlabeni wonke. Hhayi-ke ngosuku ngemva kokufa kukaJosé Manuel Pérez, umshayeli wendiza u-Fabrizio Meoni wabulawa isifo senhliziyo, obekungabaza kokubili ukhahlo lokuhlolwa namandla okuphendula ezempilo enhlangano.
Kufanele futhi siqhubeke nokwengeza ukufa kwabantu abangabambi iqhaza, ikakhulukazi abancane. Kwakukhona futhi zizohlala zikhona izingozi, kodwa abanye bangase bangabaze ukuphepha kokuhlolwa futhi babeke inhlangano phakathi kwedwala nendawo eqinile. Kulezi zingozi kukhona ezimbili ezikhathazayo ikakhulukazi.
- e 1998 Kushone abantu abane ngesikhathi imoto ebiphakathi ishayisana netekisi. Ingozi yenzeke ngesikhathi, lapho isiteji sesiphelile, imoto ebibambe iqhaza ikhombisa ukushayela imoto emaphethelweni edolobha laseNouakchott.
- Ngo-2006, izingane ezimbili zagingqika ezingozini ezihlukene. Umehluko wawuwukuthi ngokokuqala ngqa abezindaba baqamba umuntu oshonile ongabambi iqhaza: omncane wokuqala wayebizwa ngoBoubakar Diallo futhi wayeneminyaka eyi-10 kuphela.. Ngokunengqondo, umbono womphakathi womhlaba wonke wawufuna izincazelo.
Ekugcineni, i-conglomerate ye 24 izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, abezemvelo kanye nezinyunyana zabasebenzi usayine i-manifesto eshoyo ukuthi umhlangano wawukhona i-public rodeo ezwenikazi lobumpofuay bayigxeka inhlangano kanye nabakhiqizi ngokusebenzisa i-Afrika njengendawo yokudlala.
Lokhu kugxeka kuphinde kwasakaza uhulumeni waseFrance ngenxa yokuntuleka komsebenzi wesisekelo saseParis du Cœur., okwathi kusukela kwashona uDaniel Balavoine noThierry Sabine ngoJanuwari 14, 1986 yenze okuncane kakhulu ngomgomo wayo wokuletha amanzi ampompi emadolobheni okwenzeka ngawo umcimbi.
ukwenza amaMelika
Kusukela ngo-2009, i-Le Dakar ibilokhu ilwela amazwe aseLatin America. Njengoba bekulindelekile, umzila uyashintsha njalo ngonyaka.
Uhlelo lwango-2009, 2010 kanye no-2011 lwalunedolobha lase-Argentina i-Buenos Aires njengendawo yokuqala neyokuqeda. Eminyakeni emithathu, ingxenye enkulu yensimu yase-Argentina naseChile yahlanganiswa. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokho uhlelo lwango-2010 lwawinwa umshayeli waseSpain uCarlos Sainz esondweni leVolkswagen Touareg..
Ngingakutshela futhi lokho kushicilelo luka-2011 Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni walo mhlangano, kwamiswa inkundla ngenxa yesimo sezulu.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, imizila iba nzima kakhulu. Ngo-2012 ifike ePeru kwathi ngo-2013 kungathiwa yabuya ePeru yaya e-Argentina.
Ezinguqulweni ezine ezedlule umzila ubulokhu ushintsha kancane kancane. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi inamandla abezindaba amancane kunawo-2018 no-XNUMX, kodwa izinkinga ziyaqhubeka. Uhulumeni waseChile manje usejoyine ukugxekwa komuntu oshonile, bobabili ababambiqhaza nababukeli, lapho ezwa ukuthi uhlelo luka-XNUMX luzophinde lwenzeke ogwadule lwase-Atacama.
Uhulumeni waseChile, osekelwa izinhlangano zezemvelo ezingenakubalwa, ugxeke kakhulu umonakalo odalwe umhlangano wezitshalo ogwadule lwase-Atacama, lapho ukulinganisa i-millimeter eyodwa yemvula kuyadingeka ukulinda phakathi kweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu namashumi amane. Ukuze nje ngikunikeze umbono, edolobheni lase-Oviedo kurekhodwa isilinganiso samamilimitha angu-848 ngonyaka.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu, futhi njalo ngokombono wethiyori kanye nombono ofanele, imvula ena ogwadule lwase-Atacama ngonyaka wonke ilingana naleyo ewela e-Oviedo ngemizuzu engama-45. Mhlawumbe kufanele sinakekele imvelo kancane...
Amanye ama-anecdotes
Ezweni elikhathazeke kakhulu ngendawo ezungezile, imikhakha eminingi yabantu igxeka umthelela omkhulu wemvelo ohambisana ne-Le Dakar. Ngisho nephephandaba i-Le Journal du Dimanche, ngoJanuwari 1, 2011 lashicilela lokho uhlelo lwe-Le Dakar lukhiphe amathani angaba ngu-40.000 we-CO2. Yebo, wabuye wacacisa ukuthi umqhudelwano we-Roland-Garros ukhiphe amathani angaba ngu-156.000 kanti indebe yomhlaba yebhola lezinyawo amathani ayi-2.700.000 egesi efanayo.
Kungashiwo futhi lokho I-Dakar inengoma enikezelwe kuyo: Amasenti angamashumi amahlanu ama-connards sur la ligne de départ ngumculi waseFrance uRenaud Séchan kodwa angicabangi ukuthi bekungokokuthandwa yinhlangano. Kulabo abasiqondayo isiFulentshi, ngingakutshela ukuthi isihloko sengoma sithi izimbongolo ezingamakhulu amahlanu emgqeni wokuqala.
Amagama engoma acacile mayelana nombono womculi mayelana ne-Le Dakar. Eminye imisho ithi iphakheji d'enfoires (inqwaba yama-bastards), Belle aventure humanine selon les journaleux (i-adventure yomuntu enhle evunyelwene nezintatheli) noma sous les roues des bécanes ya du sang répandu (ngaphansi kwamasondo emoto kunegazi elichithekile)...
Ngama-pluses nama-minuses, abavikeli bayo nabaphikisi bayo, I-Le Dakar iyingxenye yomlando wesimanje walo mqhudelwano futhi ngenxa yalokho, kuphela imiphumela yezigaba, ukuhlukaniswa, izingozi... ngamafuphi, lokho okuheha ukunakwa ngokuvamile kuvela emaphephandabeni. Manje, ngithemba ukuthi ezinye izici zomlando wayo sezicace kakhudlwana kini nokuthi nisijabulele lesi sihloko.
Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi isethulo seLe Dakar 2018 sesivele senziwe!