I-torque yenjini: iyini nokuthi ithinta kanjani ukusebenza kwenjini yakho

Ijika le-torque yenjini ngokuya nge-rpm

Uma sibona ukumenyezelwa okwenziwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto zabo kwabezindaba, singabona ukuthi, ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, ngokuvamile babonisa uchungechunge lwezibalo ezihlobene nesivinini, ukusetshenziswa, ukusheshisa ... ngamafuphi, ezinye izinombolo ezibandayo. ukuthi futhi amaphesenti aphezulu abashayeli abasoze bakwazi ukufanisa. Kodwa-ke, kukhona iqiniso elibonakalayo ukuthi bonke abashayeli bayalijabulela, elingavamile ukumenyezelwa nokuthi eminyakeni embalwa edlule lanikezwa ukubaluleka okuthile: torque.

Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, lapho izimoto zingakadluli amandla amanje, i phinda yemoto njengekhono ebinalo lokuthola isivinini. Lesi siqinisekiso esidumile, nakuba kukhulunywa ngokutolika ukuthi i-reprís ilungile, ku- baqonde ukuthi iyini i-torque iba mfushane kancane noma kunalokho ayinembile

Iyini i-torque?

I-torque yenjini, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-torque, iyi-a ubukhulu bomzimba obukala isikhathi samandla okusetshenziswa ku-eksisi ezijikelezayo ngokwayo ngesivinini esithile. Isetshenziswa emhlabeni wezimoto futhi ichazwe ngendlela sonke esingayiqonda ngayo, ingachazwa ngokuthi amandla adingekayo ukuze i-crankshaft yenjini ijikeleze futhi, ngakho-ke, ikwazi ukudlulisa ukunyakaza okushiwo kuzo zonke izingxenye zemishini ezidingekayo ukuhambisa imoto.

Phoqa ukusebenza ngokunyakaza okujikelezayo

Futhi kulapho sibona khona umehluko wokuqala phakathi kweqiniso nesiko; Uma sibhekisela kuthoshi yenjini ukuveza umthamo wokusheshisa wemoto, empeleni asichazi ukuthi iyini itorque yenjini, sichaza kuphela olunye lwezinhlelo zayo zokusebenza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-torque yenjini ikala amandla adingekayo ukuze injini iguqule inani elithile lama-revolution kodwa ayibheki amandla engeziwe okufanele asetshenziswe ukulungisa isivinini se-angular shaft noma i-crankshaft.

I-physics encane yokuchaza i-torque

Ukukuchazela ukuthi iyini i-torque ye-motor, ukubalekela izimiso zomzimba, ngizochaza umsebenzi we-crankshaft namandla asebenza kuwo.

Injini yokushisa iyakhiqiza amandla kumasilinda. Ngokuqondile, iku- amagumbi omlilo lapho kuqhuma ingxube ye-fuel-air. Amandla akhishwe yilokhu kuqhuma akhiqiza ukunyakaza okuqondile ngokusunduza i-piston ohlangothini oluphambene nekhanda lenjini. Ama-pistons amasilinda ahlukene afakwe ku- i-crankshaft for the izinduku zokuxhuma futhi kusekuhlanganisweni kwalokhu ne-crankshaft lapho ukunyakaza komugqa kuguqulwa kube ukunyakaza okujikelezayo.

I-Crankshaft yenjini yokushisa

Kuyafaneleka ukubalula ngalesi sikhathi ukwakhiwa okuyingqayizivele kwe izinjini ezijikelezayo, lapho amakamelo ayindilinga "amasilinda" azungeza ngokuqondile i-axis ephakathi ejikelezayo ngokwayo eshukunyiswa ukuqhuma okukhiqizwa emakamelweni, ukuze kulokhu ukunyakaza okujikelezayo. Kunoma yikuphi, izimiso zomzimba ezisebenza maqondana ne-torque yenjini ziyefana.

Ngisho nangaphandle kokungena esifundweni esidlulele, ukwenza lula umqondo wokuguqulwa kwamandla, kungashiwo ukuthi amabhlogo ajikelezayo akhiqiza i-torque esikhundleni samandla. Akukho ukholo olungenziwa mayelana nalokhu ngoba amagumbi noma i-rotor yezinjini ezijikelezayo aziyindilinga ncamashi futhi ukushiswa kukaphethiloli kwenzeka engxenyeni yegumbi, ngokungafani nezinjini ezivamile zesilinda lapho ingxube kaphethiloli yomoya ithatha umthamo wayo wonke. .

Ukubuyela emuva encazelweni yomzimba, amandla asetshenziswa i-piston ku-crankshaft awashintshi kuyo yonke inqubo yokwandisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ku-cylinder ngayinye inani eliphezulu lamandla liyakhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kukaphethiloli. Futhi ngalezi zikhathi zamandla aphezulu ziza izikhathi ze-torque ephezulu.

Ukubambezeleka phakathi kwesikhathi lapho amandla amakhulu akhiqizwa khona kusilinda kanye nobukhulu obusetshenziswa ku-crankshaft akubalwa kalula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-piston awenzi ukunyakaza okuqondile kodwa kunalokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-crankshaft ayiqondile ngokuphelele, enza ukunyakaza okuhlanganisa umphumela oqondile we-piston nomthelela oyindilinga wamabhering enduku yokuxhuma.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zikhathi zamandla amakhulu kanye ne-torque ephezulu zibaluleke kakhulu mayelana nombono wokushelela ekusebenzeni kwenjini.

Isithombe sengxenye engenhla yebhulokhi yenjini

Uma imoto inamasilinda amaningi, kuzoba nezikhathi eziningi ngomzuzu lowo mzuzu wamandla amakhulu futhi okufana kakhulu kuzoba umbono womshayeli wokuhamba kahle kwenjini.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi enjinini engu-2-cylinder, kuzoba nomzuzu owodwa wamandla amakhulu njalo ngo-360º wokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft, enjinini engamasilinda amathathu izokwenzeka njalo ngo-240º, kokukodwa kweziyisithupha njalo ngo-120º futhi. njalonjalo. Yebo, lokhu kufanele kuhunyushwe njengethiyori emsulwa njengoba namuhla abakhiqizi belwela ukwenza izinjini zabo zibe bushelelezi ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuya ngokusebenza kwazo.

Lesi sici iphinde ibe nomthelela eqinisweni lokuthi uma ingenzi lutho injini ikhiqiza ukudlidliza okwengeziwe nokuthi futhi zibonakala kakhulu: ekuguqukeni kwe-1.000 ngomzuzu kunengxenye yezikhathi zamandla amakhulu kunama-revolutions angu-2.000. Isibonelo, kusukela kusivinini esimaphakathi sokungenzi lutho sokuphenduka okungama-850 ngomzuzu, injini engamasilinda amathathu izokhiqiza amandla angaphansi kwezikhathi eziyishumi ngomzuzwana, kuyilapho ibhulokhi enamasilinda ayisithupha izokhiqiza cishe amashumi amabili.

Uma sicabangela ukuthi umuntu "ovamile", obhekene namandla aphakathi nendawo okusebenza okuqhubekayo, ubona kangcono izikhawu ezinkulu kunengxenye yeshumi yesekhondi kunalezo ezingaphansi, nansi incazelo evimbelayo lapho umphakathi uqaphela ukudlidliza kwe ama-motor amasilinda amabili noma amathathu: ngoba isikhawu phakathi kwezikhathi zangaphandle esiphezulu sikhulu kunengxenye yeshumi yomzuzwana.

Imoto yakho iletha yiphi itorque?

Ezincwadini eziningi emhlabeni wezimoto, itorque "edilivayo" injini yemoto ngokuvamile iyalinganiswa. Lesi sitatimende, ngokwencazelo, asilungile inqobo nje uma siqonda ukuthi umbhangqwana u-a amandla asetshenzisiwe futhi hhayi noyedwa amandla angumphumela. Kodwa-ke, futhi ngenxa yesimiso esingokomzimba sokusabela kwesenzo, lapho isikhashana samandla sisetshenziswa eksisini ezijikelezayo ngokwayo, omunye umzuzu wamandla ukhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngamandla afanayo nangendlela efanayo kodwa ngokuphambene neyokuqala (Umthetho wesithathu kaNewton).

Injini ye-Seat León Cupra R (2003) ilethe i-torque engu-280 Nm

Ungabala kanjani i-Motor Torque - Umthwalo Wezimoto

I-torque ye-motor ingalinganiswa kodwa ukubala kwayo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi cishe akunakwenzeka kubantu abafayo, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyishiya kochwepheshe abakwazi ukuphatha imishini yesimanje kanye nezinhlelo zekhompiyutha eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, nakuba ekuqaleni sibona ibhange le-roller kuphela.

Ngokulandelayo encazelweni yayo, enjinini evuthayo i-torque iyinhlobonhlobo okuncike emandleni akhiqizwe emakamelweni amasilinda kanye nenani lama-revolution injini ephenduka ngawo ngaleso sikhathi, ngakho-ke inani layo lingabalwa kusukela kufomula ethi P = T · ω lapho u-P engamandla abonakaliswa ngama-watts noma ama-watts. , T iyitorque evezwa ngamamitha e-Newton futhi ω isivinini sokuzungeza esivezwa ngama-radians ngomzuzwana.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izici ezithinta amanani etiyori angatholakala ekusetshenzisweni okuqondile kwefomula, njenge ukungqubuzana kwenjini yangaphakathi. Lokhu kungqubuzana kwangaphakathi kusho ukuthi ingxenye yamandla atholwe injini ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kodwa kunalokho "ilahlekile" enqubweni efanayo yokuhamba kwemoto, ngokuvamile ngendlela yokushisa. Khumbula lokho amandla awadalwanga futhi awadalwanga futhi awabhujiswa, ayaguqula kuphela.

Kudingeka amandla amancane ekwehleni

Kukhona futhi izici zangaphandle okungase kuthinte amandla akhiqizwa injini, ngisho nasezimeni ezingaqhathaniseka ngaphakathi. Isibonelo, injini efanayo ephenduka ngesivinini esingaguquki esingu-2.000 ngomzuzu izokhiqiza amandla engeziwe lapho ushayela emgwaqeni oyisicaba kunokwehla emthambekeni. Nakuba inani lama-revolution lingaguquki, futhi ngenxa yalokho kanye nesivinini se-angular ye-crankshaft, inani elihlukile lamandla akhiqizwa ngesikhathi ngasinye liphinde lihumushe libe inani elihlukile letorque esetshenziswa ku-crankshaft.

Abaningi benu bazozibuza ukuthi lokhu kungaba kanjani futhi incazelo ilula kakhulu. Njengoba sonke sazi, ukunyakaza kwenziwa ngenxa yokushiswa kwe- inhlanganisela ye-stoichiometric kaphethiloli-womoya emakamelweni amasilinda futhi uma amandla amancane edingeka isisombululo siwukujova ingxube ethambile kuphethiloli futhi enothe emoyeni. Lesi futhi isizathu esenza ukuthi amakhompiyutha asezimotweni zethu aphawule ukusetshenziswa okuphansi noma okuyiziro ngokushesha lapho sehlisa ichweba.

Yonke le mingcele eshintsha ukusebenza kanye nemiphumela yethiyori yomshini ibizwa ngokuthi umthwalo wenjini, okungachazwa njengenani le-torque okumele i-motor ikhiqize ukuze inqobe ukuphikiswa okuphikisana nokunyakaza kwayo.

Ukungqubuzana kwenjini kuthinta umthwalo enawo ngaso sonke isikhathi

Njengoba sesibonile, umthamo wenjini uncike ezintweni ezibangela injini yangaphakathi, njengokushayisana kwezingxenye zayo ezinyakazayo, nasezintweni eziphuma ngaphandle njengokushayisana kwamasondo noma i-aerodynamics yemoto ngokwayo. Nginikeze lezi zibonelo ezimbili ngaphandle ngokuphelele komshini wemoto ngoba kuzo zombili izimo zikhiqiza amandla aphikisanayo futhi aguquguquka njalo ekuhambeni kwemoto, nayo enemiphumela inani lomthwalo wemoto kuzoba ipharamitha futhi njalo eguquguqukayo.

Umthwalo wenjini nawo uyasithinta ngenkathi sishayela ngendlela ecace kakhulu ethakaselwa yibo bonke abashayeli. Uma siqhubeka nesibonelo esifanayo semoto ehamba ngesivinini esingaguquki futhi ngesivinini esingaguquki senjini, kungani kunzima ngemoto ukuthola isivinini endaweni ekhuphukayo kunasekwehleni? Hhayi-ke, ngenxa yokuhlukahluka komthwalo wemoto.

Ukungena futhi ezweni lethiyori, lapho imoto ijikeleza ngesivinini esingaguquki emgwaqeni oyisicaba, inamandla amabili angaphandle aphikisana nokunyakaza kwayo: i-aerodynamics nokuhudula. Lapho imoto iqala ukujikeleza esigabeni esikhuphukayo, uma sigcina isivinini singaguquki, singacabanga ukuthi amandla aerodynamic aphikisana nokunyakaza ayagcinwa, kodwa ukungqubuzana kuguqulwa ngomqondo wokuthi kungamandla adonsela phansi futhi okwamanje. ukuthi imoto iqala ukuphakama, kuzoba nengxenye yokungqubuzana "okudonsa" imoto emuva.

Ucwaningo lwe-Aerodynamic lwemoto

Uma sifuna ukuphotha kahle kakhulu, singakwazi futhi ukudlala amandla kinetic namandla angaba khona. Amandla e-kinetic ancike kusisindo nesivinini semoto kanye namandla angaba khona ngesisindo nobude. Njengoba ukuphakama kukhuphuka, ngomgomo wokulondoloza amandla, amandla e-kinetic azoguqulwa abe amandla angaba namandla.

Kulokhu umgwaqo okhuphukayo, ngokungeza isethi yamandla angaphandle aphikisana nokunyakaza, singasho ukuthi umthwalo wemoto uyanda futhi ngakho-ke, inani le-torque "elisebenzisekayo" le-motor liyancipha, futhi izimo eziningana zingabonwa:

  • Uma sifuna gcina ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo kwe-motor kufanele sifune amandla engeziwe ngokucindezela kakhudlwana ku-throttle ukuze sijove ingxube ecebile kaphethiloli emakamelweni angama-cylinder.
  • Uma ukuthambekela komgwaqo kwanda, isikhathi singafika lapho imoto iqala khona ulahlekelwe isivinini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umthwalo we-motor (amandla aphikisana nokunyakaza) mkhulu kune-torque ekwazi ukukhiqizwa emotweni (amandla anamandla okunyakaza).

I-torque yenjini kufanele ibe nkulu ukuze inqobe umthambeka. Uma inganele, injalo-ke i-gearbox.

  • ngokuhlala amandla njalo kanye torque, kanye nokwanda komthwalo wenjini, amandla amancane azotholakala ukuze kukhuliswe isivinini semoto ngoba ukusheshisa kuyalingana namandla asetshenziswayo: amandla amancane asho amandla amancane okusheshisa.

I-torque yenjini kanye no-gearbox

Kodwa-ke, i-physics nayo iyakwazi ukuguqula ukuziphatha kwemizimba engaphansi kwamandla ahlukene, futhi esimweni se-crankshaft yenjini yemoto yethu, kungashiwo ukuthi iyakwazi thumela i-torque eyithola kumasilinda kwezinye izingxenye yemoto, njengo-gearbox.

Amagiya ka-gearbox

I-torque isuka enjinini iye ku-gearbox ngendlela yokuzungeza ku-shaft yokufaka. Yingakho uma umkhiqizi ekhuluma ngekhathalogi yakhe yezinguquko, uhlale ekhuluma ngokulinganiselwa kwe-torque hhayi amandla. Ngaphakathi ku-gearbox kuno-a ukuguqulwa kusuka ku-torque kuya ku-tangential force nokubuyela ku-torque. Kanjani?

Ngaphakathi ku-gearbox kukhona inqwaba amasondo anamazinyo ezidlulisela ukunyakaza komunye nomunye ngokuxhumanisa amazinyo ngomunye nomunye. Le miqhele enamazinyo, ebhekisela enanini lamagiya i-transmission enayo, inosayizi ohlukile noma "i-gear ratio", yingakho kwesinye isikhathi kufundwa ukuthi ukudluliselwa kunesivinini esingu-x noma ama-x ratios; kuyefana.

Kunoma ikuphi, lobu bukhulu obuhlukile bamagiya eringi yibona obushintshashintsha i-torque yokufaka neyokukhiphayo futhi isimiso somzimba sokulondoloza amandla: Uma amasondo amabili ephenduka anenetha (ngokwenkolelo-mbono) onga amandla, ngakho-ke umkhiqizo wezikhathi zetorque isivinini se-angular kufanele sigcinwe singashintshi.

Uma sichaza isimiso esiyisisekelo esithinta i-torque, ijubane eliphansi linama-sprockets amakhulu kunalawo amagiya aphezulu futhi ukuqonda kwawo ngokomzimba kulula kakhulu ukukuqonda ngesibonelo ngoba kuyinto ebonwa yibo bonke abashayeli futhi bayayazi.sizakala, ngakho siyaqhubeka imoto efanayo ezungeza ama-revolution angu-2.000 XNUMX ngomzuzu, ikhiqiza amandla angapheli kanye ne-torque.

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo: Izinhlobo nemisebenzi
I-athikili ehlobene:
Izinguquko ezizenzakalelayo: izinhlobo, ukuthi zisebenza kanjani kanye nezici

izungeza phakathi igiya lokuqala, i-input shaft icindezela u-gearbox ngesivinini esinikezwe i-angular kodwa isegiyeni. igiya lendandatho elikhudlwana ezozungeza ngesivinini esiphansi kuneshaft yokufaka. Njengoba amandla ehlala engashintshi egiyeni, Njengoba ijubane le-angular lokujikeleza liyancipha, i-torque iyanda..

Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sizungeza ngegiya eliphakeme kakhulu, elinegiya lendandatho lincane kakhulu kunalelo le-shaft yokufaka eyinhloko, kuzokwenzeka okuphambene: igiya lendandatho yegiya eliphakeme kakhulu lizojikeleza ngokushesha ngakho-ke i-torque ephumayo izoba. nciphisa..

ukusheshisa imoto

Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwetorque ebusweni bokungaguquguquki kwethiyori yakho kokubili ukusebenza kwebhulokhi nomthwalo wenjini kuwumthwalo wemfanelo wokuziphatha okuhlukile okungabonwa emotweni lapho ithola isivinini. Ngenxa yokuthi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukushayela ngesivinini esingaguquki kulula ukukhuphula ijubane lenjini ngegiya eliphansi kunelide, nakuba amandla netorque ekhiqizwa enjinini kuyafana.

Isizathu siwukuthi ngegiya eliphezulu itorque encane ifinyelela emasondweni okushayela. Isizathu siwukuthi nge-rpm efanayo, amathayi azophenduka ngokushesha lapho igiya likhuphuka. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi singakwazi ukugibela irempu eqondile ngegiya lokuqala ngokushintshashintsha okungu-1.500 ngomzuzu nangezinye izikhathi, sishayela endaweni yesi-5 noma yesi-6, ukuthambekela okuncane kusenza sehlise igiya ukuze singalahlekelwa isivinini ngisho noma sishayela phezulu. umbuso wamavukelambuso.

isithombe sethrafikhi

Kunengqondo ukuthi sesiphinde saphila emhlabeni we-theoretical ngoba, uma ijubane likhuphuka, amandla aerodynamic ajwayele ukuyinciphisa imoto nawo ayanda, ukulahlekelwa amandla isibonelo, ngenxa yokushisisa okukhulu kwamasondo... Ngamafuphi, uchungechunge lwama-ejenti angaphandle akhiqiza amandla aphikisana nokunyakaza nokuthi kufanelekile ukuthi azwakale ajwayelekile kuwe ukuze uqonde kangcono i-torque yenjini.

I-torque kuma-motor kagesi

Njengasezinjini ezijikelezayo, motors kagesi khiqiza ngqo ukunyakaza okujikelezayo futhi, ngakho-ke, i-torque esikhundleni samandla aqondwa kanjalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isimiso sokusebenza semoto kagesi sisekelwe ku-a isimiso eziyisisekelo uzibuthe lapho amacala ophawu olufanayo axoshana futhi amacala ophawu oluphambene adonse wodwa.

Imininingwane yemoto kagesi

La isisekelo esakhayo semoto kagesi, kuchazwe cishe, ngokuba isilinda kazibuthe enqanyulwa yi-rotor ezijikelezayo ngokwayo ngenxa yezinguquko eziqhubekayo emgqeni wesilinda sangaphandle. Isibonelo esiyisisekelo kungaba yileso sekhampasi: uma singathintwa sikhomba enyakatho kazibuthe yomhlaba, kodwa uma sisondeza umazibuthe futhi siwenze uzungezile uzungeze ikhampasi, inaliti yayo izozungeza yona ngokwayo. ngesivinini esihamba ngaso umazibuthe.

Kukhona umehluko oyisisekelo uma kuziwa kwikhwalithi ye ipheya etholiwe: es cishe constante. Ngenkathi usenjinini yokushisa inani le-torque lingahluka kuye ngenani lama-revolution lapho ibhulokhi lizungeza khona, kumotor kagesi i-torque cishe njalo. Lokhu kungenxa yesimiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenza salezi izinhlobo zezinjini kanye nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa namuhla.

Njengoba ngishilo, ukujikeleza kwe-rotor ye-motor kagesi kungenxa ye ukuchema okuqhubekayo kwe-stator eba insimu encane kazibuthe ikwazi ukuvula i-rotor ngokushintshana kwamandla okukhanga kanye namandla okujikijela futhi kungalesi sikhathi lapho intuthuko yamanje yobuchwepheshe ivumela amandla adonsela phansi akhiqizwe ku-rotor ukuthi abe netorque ecishe ibe njalo.

I-torque yemoto kagesi vs. I-torque ye-thermal motor

I-BMW i3

Ngike ngaphawula ukuthi laba babili cishe njalo ngemininingwane ecacile kakhulu futhi lokho kuchaza ngendlela ethile ukulinganiselwa kwezimoto zikagesi emigwaqweni yezimoto noma ezinqoleni ezimbili kodwa futhi nezinzuzo zazo kuthrafikhi yasemadolobheni. Ngokungafani nenjini yokushisa, ama-motor kagesi akhiqiza motor torque kusukela ekuqaleni ukujikeleza futhi bayigcina ingaguquki kuze kube yilapho izinga eliphezulu lamandla lifinyelelwa, lapho kwehla inani le-torque. Ukwenza isibonelo, i- I-BMW i3 inikeza amandla aphezulu 170hp kanye ne-torque enkulu ye 250nm, kodwa ake sibone ukuthi isakazwa kanjani:

  • Imoto kagesi ye-BMW i3 inikeza i-torque engu-250Nm kusukela cishe kuma-revolutions enjini cishe ku-0 injini ephendukayo ngomzuzu.
  • Kulesi sikhawu kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-4.500 ukuphenduka ngomzuzu amandla akhuphuka asuka ku-0 aye ku-170 amahhashi (127kw).
  • Kusukela ekuphendukeni okungu-4.500 ngomzuzu, kokubili i-torque namandla aqala ukwehla.
  • Ngokushintshashintsha okungu-8.000 3 ngomzuzu injini ye-BMW i150 inikeza amandla acishe abe ngu-125 amahhashi kanye ne-torque engu-XNUMXNm.

Ikuphi ukufunda okungenziwa ngalezi zibalo? Nokho, endabeni ye-BMW i3 injini, kungathiwa ifakwe injini ejabule kakhulu efika ku-4.500 rpm, okwenza le moto ngokushesha kakhulu ekusheshiseni ngesivinini esiphansi. Empeleni ifinyelela ku-100 km/h iqala ime ngemizuzwana engu-7 okuyivumela ukuthi ikwazi ukuzibekela inselelo. BMW 120i.

Nokho, kusuka kuma-revolution angu-4.500 Kokubili amandla kanye ne-torque kuqala ukuncipha futhi kuthinte kabi kokubili umthamo wokusheshisa nokusetshenziswa, okungase kuphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa nezibalo ezigunyaziwe. Yingakho futhi izimoto eziningi zikagesi zine- Imodi "ECO". ekhawulela isivinini sayo esiphezulu 90 noma 100km/h, lapho nje imoto efana ne-BMW 120i ingathola, ngokugcina isivinini singashintshi, ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kakhulu.

Ngendlela, kunenye inzuzo emangalisa kakhulu futhi ethakazelisayo yezimoto ezifakwe ama-motor kagesi: zikhombisa ukuzwela kancane ekushayeleni kwezemidlalo noma ithrafikhi yedolobha futhi ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamandla akushiwo ngendlela okungaba ngayo emotweni enenjini eshisayo elinganayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokunikeza i-torque ephakeme kangaka futhi engaguquki, injini kungashiwo ukuthi inayo lula ukwandisa ijubane ukujikeleza motor noma lokho kudinga ukwanda okuncane kwe-torque ukukhulisa isivinini sayo sokujikeleza.

Izinjini zikagesi azithonywa kakhulu ukushayela kwezemidlalo

I-torque kaphethiloli vs. i-torque ye-diesel vs. i-torque ephezulu

Kulesi sigaba akukhuthazwa ukuthi kuhambe isikhathi eside ngoba umehluko phakathi kwetorque etholakala endaweni esebenza ngophethiloli kanye nenye esebenzisa udizili kungenxa izici ezithile zokwakha komunye nomunye futhi ukhiphe amandla ngokuthungela amafutha awo ahlukene.

Uma sibheka ukufundwa kwakudala kwalezi zibalo, ukuqonda njengokuqhathanisa phakathi kwezingqimba zomkhathi eziphakelwa ngomjovo noma yini engaba ukweqa 80s, amabhlogo aphehlwa udizili anikeza itorque eyengeziwe futhi nge-rpm ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne amabhlogo kaphethiloli, kodwa emehlweni anamuhla, amazinga ayo amandla angase abe inhlekisa.

IPeugeot 505: isibonelo sikadizili oqinile kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-80s

Mayelana nalokhu singakhumbula ukuqala kwesihloko lapho ngachaza khona ukuthi amandla e-theory yemoto alingana ne-torque kanye nesivinini se-angular sokujikeleza. Imoto kaphethiloli osemkhathini ine- umkhawulo wangempela wokusetshenziswa cishe phakathi kwe-1.000 kanye ne-5.500 revolutions ngomzuzu kanye ne-dizili yasemkhathini phakathi kwama-revolutions angu-1.000 no-4.000 ngomzuzu. Emhlabeni wangempela, i umkhawulo ongokoqobo wokusetshenziswa Isukela phakathi kuka-2.000 no-4.000 ngomzuzu owodwa ezinjinini zikaphethiloli kanye nokushintshashintsha okuphakathi kuka-1.500 no-3.000 kumakhenika aphehlwa udizili.

Uma sishiya okunye okuguquguqukayo okungaguquki, isibonelo ukujika ku-2.000 revolutions ngomzuzu, sizothola amandla amancane enjini ye-diesel kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izosinika i-torque eyengeziwe. Kumayelana nani lokhu? Hhayi-ke, ilula, i-torque yenjini idalwa wukunyakaza kwamapiston ngokwemigqa yokushiswa kukaphethiloli kuma-cylinder chamber namandla akhiqizwayo kuye ngokuthi kushiswe uphethiloli noma udizili ahlukene. Nokho, incazelo yemishini iyasebenza kuzo zombili izimo.

Ama-elekthronikhi kanye nokushaja okuphezulu

Kuze kube namuhla, lokhu engisanda kukuchazela kona kusalokhu kuyinkumbulo yabantu abangazi kahle kakhulu. Eqinisweni, abaningi benu bayobe sebebonile ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi umkhiqizi uhlinzeka ngezimoto itorque ehlukene kanye nezibalo zamandla ezikhishwe kubhulokhi yenjini efanayo. Noma ngisho nemoto ene- Imodi "ECO". ekwazi ukuguqula lezi zibalo ngokucindezela nje inkinobho, njengoba kunjalo, isibonelo, nge- I-Fiat Panda Cross TwinAir: kwimodi evamile inikeza i-90cv ne-145Nm kanti kwimodi ye-“ECO” ihlala ku-78cv naku-100Nm.

I-Fiat Panda Cross enomsebenzi we-ECO

Lokhu kungenxa ye- Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe futhi ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinto zikagesi ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni wezimoto. Namuhla asisamangali ukuzwa nge-variator yesigaba sezimoto ezinamakhanda anama-valve amaningi, izinjini zikadizili nezikaphethiloli ezinesilinganiso esifanayo sokucindezela noma izinjini zokucindezela eziguquguqukayo, kodwa uma kukhona okumele isinyathelo esikhulu mayelana Izibalo ze-torque namandla emoto yiwona ukondla ngokweqile.

Nakuba incazelo yayo yemishini ingaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, i izisekelo zokudla ngokweqile ilula kakhulu: khulisa ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwamakamelo esilinda ukukhulisa amandla akhiqizwa ekushiseni kukaphethiloli, okwenza ama-pistons yehla ngamandla engeziwe futhi, ngakho-ke, i-torque eyengeziwe ifinyelela ku-crankshaft.

Isithombe se-turbo

Njengoba kulindelekile, ukuqaliswa kwayo ngomshini kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kudinga ukucwaninga okuningi ngendawo yayo efanele ngaphakathi kwe-hood yemoto, i-inlet ne-outlet manifolds entsha, ukuqinisa okuqondile kuma-pistons, izinduku zokuxhuma, i-crankshaft ... kodwa isimiso esiyisisekelo khulisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwegumbi lesilinda futhi yilokhu okubalulekile ukukuhlobanisa netorque yenjini.

I-Supercharging ingaqhutshwa ngokuqondile ngokujikeleza kwenjini noma ngokucindezela kwamagesi okukhipha umoya. Kulezi zinsuku, i-electronics nayo isifinyelele ukushaja okuphezulu kanye nokusha I-Audi SQ7 TDI iqale i- i-turbo yokuqala kagesi emakethe futhi imiphumela ayikwazanga ukuba mihle kakhulu: 435hp okungaguquguquki phakathi kuka-3.750 no-5.000 ngomzuzu futhi 900nm okungaguquguquki okuphakathi kuka-1.000 no-3.250 ngomzuzu.

I-athikili ehlobene:
Injini ye-turbo, izinzuzo nezingozi zayo

I-torque emangalisayo ye-Audi SQ7 TDI sibonga i-turbo yayo kagesi

I-torque izolo nanamuhla

Kuze kube yiminyaka emingaki eyedlule, okwaziwa kakhulu kuphela owayazi ukuthi imoto enamasilinda ayisikwele (ububanzi = i-stroke) iyona elinganiselayo kakhulu ukushayela, ukuthi uma i-stroke ingaphansi kwe-diameter ingaba imoto enamandla kodwa ene-torque figure enesizotha. nokuthi uma ukushaya bekukukhulu kunobubanzi bekungaba ngokuphambene, kuthule futhi kube netorque eyengeziwe.

Kulezi zinsuku iningi lamamotho angezawo imindeni Modular, okuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi banikeze amabhlogo anamasilinda amaningi noma ambalwa kanye nophethiloli noma udizili kalula ngokuhambisana nezinguquko ezincane, ukuhluka kwe-torque namandla kunikezwa ukusetshenziswa nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe neze-elekthronikhi umkhiqizi afuna ukuzisebenzisa.

I-Audi TT iyashesha

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu engikuchazele kona kulesi sihloko, okungokoqobo kuyayidlula inkolelo-mbono kuzo zonke izici. Emakethe yamanje singathola izinjini ezinamasilinda ayisithupha anamandla enjini eyodwa kweziyisishiyagalombili, ezintathu-cylinder ezibushelelezi noma ngaphezulu kunezinye ezine-four-cylinder ezinomthamo ofanayo noma ngisho nezinjini zikadizili ezinezinga lokucindezela elifanayo nelikaphethiloli futhi namuhla konke kungenzeka.

La Isizathu esiyisisekelo yalesi sihloko kwakuwukuchaza ngendlela eqondakalayo ukuthi iyini i-torque yenjini noma i-torque, ukuthi ukwazi ukubona ukuthi ithinta kanjani ukushayela kwansuku zonke nokuthi uyaqaphela ukuthi amandla emoto, uma engahlobene ne-torque yenjini, Akulona inani elibonisa kakhulu ukuziphatha kwayo. Ngethemba ukuthi ngiphumelele.


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Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.

  1.   Yowelf kusho

    I-athikili ayilungile lapho ithi injini kadizili egijima ku-2000 rpm ine-torque eningi kodwa amandla amancane kunenjini kaphethiloli ngezincomo ezifanayo. Kuma-revolutions afanayo lowo one-torque eyengeziwe uzoba namandla engeziwe kuleso sivinini sokujikeleza. Enye into ukuthi inamandla amaningi aphezulu noma ngaphansi

  2.   Daniel Camara kusho

    umbuzo; Ekufundeni isithwebuli semoto kunedatha ebizwa ngokuthi Umthwalo ovezwa njengephesenti emotweni yami, uma ingenzi lutho ilinganiselwa ku-5% kodwa leli nani liyahlukahluka kwezinye izimoto. Kungani? Bekungasho ukuthini uma leli nani beliseduze noziro ngangokunokwenzeka? Ngakho uma leli nani liphakeme ngamaphesenti, imoto idla uphethiloli owengeziwe?

  3.   Jose Maria kusho

    Kusukela kukho konke lokhu siyaqonda ukuthi njengesimiso esiyisisekelo, idizili ezimweni ezifanayo nephethiloli, enekhono elifanayo le-cylinder kanye nezinguquko ezifanayo, ukuqhuma kunamandla.
    Ngilungise uma kungenjalo,

  4.   UGabriel Mattano kusho

    Ngicabanga ukuthi incazelo ye-torque namandla iqukethe ukuphawula okuqondakala kangcono
    Kubantu abanolwazi lobuchwepheshe olwengeziwe mayelana nenjini, kimina kubonakala sengathi ukuqonda okungcono kungafinyelelwa ngokwenza inothi libe lula. Ngiyabonga noma kunjalo

  5.   Paco kusho

    Siyabonga kakhulu ngezincazelo ezinembile nezobuchwepheshe.