I-Alternator: izingxenye, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, ukuthi ungayihlola kanjani

El enye indawo imoto ingenye izakhi eziyinhloko umjikelezo kagesi. Inhloso yawo ukuguqula amandla emishini abe amandla kagesi ukuze ashaje ibhethri futhi anikeze ugesi odingekayo emotweni uma isebenza.

Ukwazi isebenza kanjani i-alternator, okokuqala kumelwe sazi ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezakhayo nokuthi zinomsebenzi muni.

izingxenye ze-alternator

Izingxenye eziyisisekelo ze-alternator evamile zihlanganisa i-rotor, i-stator, isilungisi sebhuloho namabhulashi, ngaphezu kokuba khona kwesilawuli. Ngezansi sinemininingwane ngayinye:

I-Polea

Yisici esithola, ngokusebenzisa a ibhande elisizayo, amandla mechanical ekhiqizwa injini yemoto nge i-crank pulley.

Ixhunywe ku-alternator shaft futhi inhloso yayo ukuhambisa i-rotor ngaphakathi kwayo. Kuma-alternator esizukulwane esisha, kukhona okuncane fan lokho kuzisiza ukuthi ziphole futhi inyakaziswa yilo pulley.

rotor noma inducer

Yakhiwe ngo-a ugesi kagesi ekhiqiza insimu kazibuthe ngenxa yamanje eyithola kumlawuli ngokusebenzisa slip izindandatho etholakala ekseni.

Uma le nkundla kazibuthe isebenza, amakhoyili e-stator (ingxenye engashintshi ye-alternator) asabela ngokukhiqiza amandla kagesi adingekayo.

umlawuli we-alternator

Njengoba i-current ekhiqizwa i-alternator ihluka ngokuya ngokuguquka kwenjini, idinga a amandla ombane. Uma kungenjalo, ingakhuphukela ku-18V noma ngaphezulu, lapho okudingwa yibhethri kuyinto evamile phakathi kuka-13,5 V no-14,5 V.

I-voltage evunyelwe isilawuli kuya ngokuthi ibhethri selishajwe kangakanani kanye nezinga lokushisa okuyikhona Okusho ukuthi, amapharamitha amaningana ayacatshangelwa ukuze anakekele ibhethri ngendlela efanele.

I-Estator

Kuyinto into ekhangisiwe negxilile ye-alternator. I-winding yezigaba ezintathu evumela ukusabela ngakho-ke amandla kagesi atholakala kuwo. Ukuma kwayo kungaba unxantathu noma inkanyezi.

isilungisi sebhuloho le-diode

Lolu hlelo lubophezelekile ekuguquleni i-alternator yamanje eyakhiwe ku-alternator ibe yamanje eqondile (okuyilokho ibhethri elikudingayo futhi esetshenziswa amasistimu emoto ahlukene).

Indlela i-alternator esebenza ngayo

Uma sesazi izici eziyinhloko ezakha i-alternator, sizodlulela kokuthi chaza ukusebenza kwayo ngendlela elula kakhulu.

Ukufaka ukhiye ekuthutheni nokuwuphendula ikhoyili ye-alternator rotor ithola amandla ebhethri. Uma sesiyiqalile injini, ikhoyili yerotor iqala ukujikeleza futhi isuka ekutholeni amandla iye ekuyikhiqizeni. Ngale ndlela elula, iya ku zikwazi ukuzimela futhi unikeze amandla adingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo samasistimu enza kube lula ukushayela kanye nempilo emotweni, njengesipholisa-moya, isiteringi samandla noma isistimu yomsindo.

Uma enye indawo isebenza kahle ukukhanya kuphaneli yensimbi kuzocisha. Uma ngemuva kokuqala imoto isibani singacimi, kungaba yinkomba yokuthi i-alternator ayinikezi okwamanje kumasistimu asizayo. Uma kunjalo, kuzodingeka uhlole ukuthi ama-volts angu-12 avela ebhethri afinyelela okokufaka komlawuli nokuthi ama-diode ebhuloho lokulungisa awekho esimweni esibi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi amabhulashi yezindandatho zokushelela zisesimweni esibi ngakho-ke umsinga odingekayo ubungeke ufinyelele ku-rotor.

Ungahlola kanjani i-alternator yemoto (ividiyo)

Ukuhlola i-alternator kulula kakhulu. Kuvidiyo elandelayo ungabona ungakwenza kanjani ngomzuzu o-1 nje nge-multimeter. Uma ungenayo, kukhona ezishibhile kakhulu ezifeza lo msebenzi nezinye ezingaphezu kokwanele.

Izithombe 3 no-4 - Ben Chun, Robert Couse-Baker