Kuvamile ukukhuluma ngakho ukuqala okuzenzakalelayo y ukuqhunyiswa emakamelweni omlilo wezinjini, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu ocacile mayelana nomehluko phakathi kwala magama amabili. Sizosusa lokho kungabaza futhi sizokhuluma nangeminye imiqondo, njengokuthi induku yokuxhuma enomgodi noma kusengaphambili.
Into yokuqala okufanele siyibuyekeze ukuthi ezinjinini zikaphethiloli ukushiswa komoya kanye nengxube kaphethiloli kufanele kusuke ekugxumeni kwenhlansi. Le nhlansi idalwe ipulaki amadigri amaningana ngaphambi kokuba ipiston ifike e-Top Dead Center (TDC) ngokushaywa. ukucindezelwa. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinto ezenzeka ngokushesha ekusebenzeni.
Ukushiswa kwengxube akukona ngaso leso sikhathi, kodwa kwenziwa njengokungathi ngezendlalelo kusuka ku-spark plug kuya kwelinye igumbi, yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi. ilangabi phambi. Yingakho kukhona a ukuthungela phambili amadigri amaningana ngaphambi kokuba ipiston ifinyelele ku-TDC. Ingcindezi ikhuphuka kakhulu futhi ngemva nje kokufinyelela ku-TDC, iphusha ipiston iqonde Esikhungweni Esifile Esiphansi (BDC) ku-stroke yokwandisa. Kulesi sigaba sokwandisa ukucindezela kusilinda kuyehla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinjinini zikadizili indlela ifana kakhulu neyezinjini zikaphethiloli; Nokho, ayikho ipulaki yenhlansi yokwakha leyo arc kagesi eshisa ingxube. Kula ma-propellants ukuqhuma kudaleka ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezelwa. Yingakho bebizwa izinjini zokucisha noma ezizithungelayo. the isilinganiso sokucindezela Iphakeme kakhulu kunodizili.
Udizili wesimanje usilawula kanjani isikhathi esiqondile sokushiswa kukaphethiloli? Nge high pressure fuel injection. Uma i-piston iseduze ne-TDC futhi wonke umoya unengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu, uhlelo lomjovo lufafaza uphethiloli egunjini elivuthayo ngokucindezela okukhulu kakhulu. Ngokushesha iqala ukusha futhi "ijikijela" ipiston ibheke ku-BDC yayo.
ukuthungela okuzenzakalelayo
Uma sesinombono oyisisekelo wokuthi "umsebenzi" uvela kanjani ezinjini zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili, manje singakhuluma ngalezi zenzakalo ezingase zenzeke. Njengoba ubonile, ilangabi lilawulwa ezinjinini, kungaba uphethiloli noma udizili. Kodwa kunezikhathi lapho ukwehluleka kwenzeka. Siqala ngokuzithungela, okungabuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukuthungela phezulu kwamanye amazwe.
El ukuqala okuzenzakalelayo kwenzeka lapho noma iyiphi indawo, iphuzu ekamelweni omlilo noma izinhlayiyana ziyakhazimula. Kungase futhi kube ngenxa ye-chip, i-carbon noma i-electrode ye-spark plug ngokwayo esezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu. Esikhathini esithile, le "ndawo eshisayo" egunjini elivuthayo ibangela ingxube yamafutha omoya ingubo ngaphambi kwe-spark jump, iqala ukuvutha ngesikhathi esingafanelekile.
Ngokunengqondo, kungabangela ukuhlukana, ngoba ilangabi nokusakazeka kwalo akulawulwa. Ngokushesha lokhu kuzithungela kwenzeka ngokuphathelene nesikhathi lapho inhlansi kufanele igxume ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, kungaba yingozi kakhulu enjinini. Akukhona nje ukuthi ukusebenza kuzokwehla, kodwa kuzokhiqiza ukudlidliza nezingcindezi ezingaba bucayi kumakhenikha.
Ezimotweni ezindala ze-carburettor kungenzeka ukuthi sinqamule ukhiye wokuthungela futhi injini ayimi ngenxa yokuzithungela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, kwezinye izimo, lolu hlobo lwenjini alunqamuli ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli lapho sisusa ukhiye wokuthungela, kodwa kunalokho isistimu yokushisa. Ukuba nendawo eshisayo ku-cylinder kuyaqhubeka kubangela ukuqhuma futhi injini iyaqhubeka nokujikeleza, ngaleyo ndlela idonsa umoya nophethiloli ku-carburetor. idla emuva, ukusho kanjalo.
Ukuqhunyiswa
Ukuziqhumisa kuhlukile ekuzithungeleleni, nakuba kungelona iqiniso elincane ukuthi bavame ukudideka. Kulokhu, ingxube ye-air-fuel ayishi endaweni eshisayo (njengasekuzishiseni), kodwa ukufinyelela ingcindezi ephakeme kunalokho obekufanele. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, uma lokhu kwenzeka, kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezimbalwa kakhulu zomehluko ngokugxuma kwenhlansi okubangelwa i-spark plug.
Ngakho, ekamelweni ovuthayo esinalo amalangabi amabili angaphambili namagagasi amabili athuthumela lokho kungqubuzana. Ukushiswa kwamafutha akulawuleki futhi ilangabi alikhuli njengoba umenzi ehlosile. Khumbula ukuthi yonke idizayini yegumbi elivuthayo, okuhlanganisa nekhanda le-piston, idalwe ngokujulile. Ngokufanayo, ukuwohloka okukhulu kungenzeka futhi, yiqiniso, ukusebenza kwenjini kuncipha kakhulu.
induku yokuxhuma enomgodi
El induku yokuxhuma enomgodi Kuyinto eyenzeka lapho ukushiswa kwengxube kwenzeka kusenesikhathi. Uma i-spark plug ikhiqiza ukugxuma kwenhlansi lapho injini ingajiki ekuguqukeni okuphezulu futhi ipiston isekude ne-TDC, i-flame front izophusha i-piston emuva ku-BDC ngaphambi kokuthi iqedele ukushaywa.
Ngokunengqondo, lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungabangela injini ukuba iphuke, njengoba amandla e-flame front ezama ukuhlehlisa ukujikeleza kwe-mechanics nayo yonke inertia yayo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuye kwabonakala induku yokuxhuma igobile ngoba iyona emunce lawo mandla ashaqisayo.
Ukwenza lokhu, iminyaka eminingi zonke izinjini zine- inzwa yokushaya induku yokuxhuma. Le nzwa ikhona ukuze ithole amaza okubangwa ukungqongqoza futhi, uma kunje, ithumela i-oda ohlelweni lokuphatha injini ye-elekthronikhi. Ngokushesha ishintsha kusengaphambili ukuthungela kanye nomjovo kaphethiloli, ukugwema ukwehluleka okubizayo okunjalo.
Ezimotweni ezindala kakhulu le sensa ayikho. Yingakho kulezi zimoto ungakwazi ukuqaphela umsindo we-cranking ojwayelekile, evame ukuvela lapho ushayela ngegiya eliphezulu kakhulu, ekujikelezweni okuphansi kanye nesivinini esikhulu. Kungumsindo wensimbi oyisici okufanele ugwenywe ngazo zonke izindleko.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukuzithungela, ukuqhunyiswa nokungqongqoza kwenduku yokuxhuma?
Ngokunengqondo izimoto zamanje, sibonga electronics, ziyakwazi ukulawula lezi zimo ngokwabo. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izimoto esinazo emigwaqweni yethu zesimanje futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukwenza "ngokwemvelo", okungukuthi, ngaphandle kokuba i-electronics isebenze. Kuyohlala kunempilo.
Lezi zenzakalo ezintathu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokushayela injini egcwele amanzi, ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezela ngaphakathi kwamasilinda, kanye nangenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-octane fuel ephansi.
Ukuzungeza ngamagiya aphezulu kakhulu nokusheshisa ngokugcwele (noma cishe ngokugcwele) akulungile kumakhenikha. Akubizi lutho ukwehlisa igiya elilodwa noma amabili ukuze injini isebenze ngokushintshashintsha okufanele futhi ibe sendaweni yokusebenza efanele. Impendulo izoba ngcono kakhulu futhi imishini ngeke ihlupheke, idale ukuqhuma okunempilo kumasilinda. Kufanele ukwazi ukusebenzisa amagiya ngendlela efanele.
Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-octane efanele. Emotweni evamile enomakhenika abajwayelekile, ukusebenzisa i-octane eningi kunalokho okutuswa ngumkhiqizi ngeke kunikeze izinzuzo ezinkulu; kodwa ngeke kudale izinkinga futhi. Kodwa-ke, akufanele neze sifake uphethiloli ngesilinganiso se-octane esiphansi kunalokho esinconywayo.
Inombolo ye-octane (95 rum, 98 rum, njll.) yiyona ikhono likaphethiloli ukuzikhela lona. Uma inombolo ye-octane iphakeme, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuthi ingxube iqhume ngaphandle kokugxuma kwenhlansi okubangelwa i-spark plug. Ngakho-ke, uma sisebenzisa uphethiloli onenombolo ye-octane ephansi kunaleyo enconywe umkhiqizo, kulula ukuthi lokhu kuqhunyiswa, ukuzithungela nokufaka i-pitting yenduku yokuxhuma. Esimeni sokulungisa izinto zikagesi, kungenzeka ukuthi sizolahlekelwa ukusebenza.
