Uphondo olunephutha: izinkinga ezivame kakhulu nokuthi ungazixazulula kanjani

Lapho imoto yethu ihamba "yisimungulu", i amaphutha ngokuvamile zihlobene nenkinga kagesi, ukulimala kwe uphondo noma uphondo ngokwalo noma ukuphuka okuthile ekushayeleni kwayo. Ngakho-ke, sithuthukise uchungechunge lwamathiphu kulabo abangayitholi imbangela yephutha, futhi ngifuna a isixazululo esisheshayo nesiphathekayo.

Ngaphambi kokuthi ufike phansi emsebenzini, kungcono ukubuyekeze ukuthi uphondo lwemoto lusebenza kanjani. Uma wazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kuzoba lula kakhulu kuwe ukuthi ulandele imiyalelo yokulungisa kulokhu noma yisiphi isihloko osifundile ngendaba.

Isebenza kanjani ihutha yemoto?

Lapho ucindezela i inkinobho yophondo, ukuxhumana kwenziwa ukuze ugesi usuka ku ibhethri lemoto ophondweni. Kukhona ugesi kagesi ukuthi lapho ithola umsinga iheha ucezu lwensimbi olunamathiselwe ku-a ulwelwesi, efana naleyo etholakala ezipikheni zesimiso somsindo.

Lesi samanje sifinyelela futhi umephuli okungenye isiqephu esiyisihluthulelo sokukhipha ibhiphu. Ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni, unesibopho se- okwamanje ukuthi ifinyelela kazibuthe kuyinto ukukhanya. Njengoba lokhu kuphazamiseka kushesha kakhulu, thola i-vibe lokho kuvumela ulwelwesi ukuthi lukhiphe umsindo obukhali futhi onamandla.

Ukwehluleka okuvame kakhulu ophondweni

Okokuqala, kufanele sazi ukuthi kukhona izimpondo ezinama-relay nezinye ngaphandle kwazo. Zihlukene ngokuthi eyokuqala inetheminali kagesi, kanti leyo engenawo amatheminali amabili kagesi.

I-fuse eshaywayo: iliphi elophondo?

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza kubukhenikha bezimoto ukuqala ngaso sonke isikhathi isheke elilula. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuqinisekiswa kokuqala okufanele kwenziwe ku- ibhokisi le-fuse. Okusho ukuthi, izinto eziyisisekelo kuzo zonke izifunda zikagesi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lapho ugesi uphela ekhaya, into yokuqala oyibukayo amafuse, noma ukwehluleka lokho, iphaneli kagesi.

I-Los amafusi emotweni ngokuvamile zisakazeke ezindaweni ezimbili: the kuqala ingaphansi kwesiteringi, imbozwe ngekhava, noma ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwedeshibhodi, ukuze ufinyelele kuyo kufanele uvule isicabha somshayeli. I okwesibili Isegumbini lenjini ngokwayo, ngaphakathi kwebhokisi elivalwe ngamathebhu noma ngezikulufu. Abanye futhi banazo ngemuva kwebhokisi lamagilavu ​​noma i-trunk.

Uma usuwatholile, ungabheka ku- imanuwali yemoto elihambisana nophondo. Nakuba ungakwazi futhi babheke bonke ukuthi bakhona yini abalingisi. Ukuzishintsha kulula njengokuzisusa nokushintsha kwenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho zishibhile kakhulu. amakhithi I-Rovtop o i-fepitus banamafusi azo zonke izinhlobo futhi abiza ngaphansi kwama-euro ayi-10.

Uma usuyikhiphile i-fuse ungakwazi ukubheka ukuthi ishaywa yini ngokuyibheka ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi kwamathebhu amabili kuphazanyisiwe (ipulasitiki isobala). Uma ungaboni kahle futhi ubambe i-multimeter enhle ungakwazi ukulandela lezi zinkomba:

• Faka i-multimeter ku- Imodi yokuqhubeka (okuboniswa umcibisholo onomugqa oqondile phezulu kanye/noma isipikha).
• Beka i- imikhondo yokuhlola, ngayinye kuthebhu ye-fuse.
• Uma i-multimeter ikhala, kusho ukuthi i-fuse ilungile. Uma lingakwenzi lokho kusho ukuthi selincibilikile.

Ezinye izibonelo ezinhle zama-multimeter ashibhile zokuhlola ekhaya noma emotweni yilezo , AoKoZo y Ama-Kaiweets.

Si i-fuse iphinde iqhume ngokushesha oyibekile, into evamile kakhulu ukuthi kukhona iphutha kumjikelezo kagesi wophondo.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter

Uphondo lukhala ngezinye izikhathi: izintambo ezixegayo

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka noma mhlawumbe ngenxa yokushaywa, izintambo ezithwala ugesi esipikheni zixege noma zixege. Yingakho kulula ukuthola uphondo lwemoto yakho. Ngokuvamile kuba ngaphambili ngaphansi kwepulasitiki ethile yokunquma, endaweni engafinyelelwa kuyo kusukela ekhomishini yenjini noma ngemva kwepulasitiki yangaphakathi ye-arch yamasondo. Ungayibheka encwadini, nakuba ngokuvamile kulula uma othile ecindezela uphondo bese ulandela umsindo (uma inkinga iwukuthi kunomsindo omncane).

Uma sekutholakele, hlola ukuthi ikhebula noma izintambo zibekwe kahle esizeni sakho. Uma kungenjalo, ziqinise phansi ukuze zibuyele endaweni yazo futhi usebenzise i-screwdriver noma ithuluzi lokufanisa ukuze zizivikele uma zifakwe ngesikulufu.

Isikulufu se-membrane esixegayo

Njengoba unezipikha obala, hlola ukuthi isikulufu esilungisa ulwelwesi akuthukululeki. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu ngoba futhi ukudlidliza noma ukushaywa okuthile okubi kungenzeka kukhululiwe. Kulokhu kuzodingeka ukuthi uyifice ngesandla ukuze iqine kakhulu.

Inkinobho yophondo ayisebenzi

Okunye ukuhlola okumele kwenziwe wukubona ukuthi inkinobho yophondo ayisebenzi yini. iphutha elivamile uma imoto indala kakhulu noma ishaywe kanzima ngesandla. Imodeli ngayinye ihlukile, kodwa okuvame kakhulu ukuthi ingahlakazwa ngokudonsa ngezandla zakho noma ukufaka i-screwdriver eyisicaba ukuze ibhoboze imbobo.

Kungcono ubheke isifundo esithile semodeli yakho uma ungayazi futhi nqamula ibhethri lemoto njalo uma uthinta isiteringi esine-airbag. Kunoma yikuphi, nansi a ividiyo njengesibonelo:

Kuye ngemoto onayo, ungase ukungcola sekulokhu kungena kancane kancane ngaphakathi yenkinobho ngakho kuhle ukuthi, uma ususikhiphile isivalo, usihlanze kahle futhi ubone ukuthi asinyakazi yini ngaphandle kwezihibe. Uma okuthile kubanjiwe sebenzisa 3 ku-One noma i-WD-40 ukuze ishelele

Uma kungeyona inkinobho futhi nje ithebhu yensimbi ukuthi kufanele uxhumane, hlanza kahle ngakho-ke akukho lutho oluzophazamisa. Yisikhathi esihle futhi ukubona ukuthi izintambo zamabhathini zisendaweni yini, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi ziye zaxebuka ne ukudlidliza kwesondo lokuqondisa, uma kube khona, noma ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okunamandla kakhulu.

Umsinga awufiki: uphondo aluzwakali

Uma izinkinga ezingenhla kungesona isizathu, esinye isinyathelo ongase usithathe isheke lesifunda sikagesi. Kwalokhu uzodinga i-multimeter njengalezo ozothola kusixhumanisi sangaphambilini, kunemikhiqizo eminingi enemikhiqizo emihle yokwenza lo msebenzi ngemali encane.

Ungasebenzisa i-multimeter ukuze uhlole ukuthi ukhona yini ugesi ophondweni, uma uphuma kahle enkinobheni noma ukuhlola i-relay. Amasheke anobuchwepheshe ngandlela-thile ukuwachaza ngamunye ngamunye. Ngakho sincoma okulandelayo ividiyo ukuze ukwenze kalula:

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ungalibheka kanjani ibhethri lemoto kanye ne-alternator

Uphondo luzwakala luthule kunokuvamile

Uma uphondo lunama-relays futhi umsindo walo ungenayo ivolumu efanelekile, kufanele sibone ukuthi i-terminal eshiwo ixhunywe kahle, futhi ihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwe-multimeter ukuze hlola ukuthi i-voltage iyona enconyiwe ngomkhiqizi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ulandele lezi zinyathelo:

• Khetha imodi yokulinganisa dc voltage. Okungukuthi, setha i-multimeter's rotary knob endaweni ethi V elandelwa umugqa omude onodeshi ngezansi kwayo (Futhi i-DC noma i-DC).
• Inani elilungile lokulinganisa lizoba inani eliphansi kunawo wonke ngaphezu kwamandla kagesi asetshenziswa yisipika. Ngokuvamile lezi zisebenzisa i-12 V, ngakho-ke ku-multimeter yethu kufanele khetha i-20V, kodwa kuzoba nabanye 30V noma 40V, ngoba abanakho okuncane.
• Nqamula isipika ezintanjeni okuyinikeza okwamanje futhi kubeke imikhondo yokuhlola ye-multimeter ehlonipha i-polarity: ikhebula elimnyama ku-negative kanye nekhebula elibomvu ku-positive.
• Uma uma ucindezela inkinobho yophondo, i-multimeter ibonisa ngo 12v, Kusho ukuthi uthola i-voltage efanele.
• Uma kungekho voltage efika kuyo, kunenkinga ngesekhethi.
• Uma i-voltage encane ifika, into evamile ukuthi uphondo luzwakala luncane futhi lubi.

Kufanele futhi ucabangele uma imodeli yakho ingenye yalezo ezinoshintsho oluvumelayo shintsha idolobha kanye nemodi yomgwaqo omkhulu. Ngeke kube ukuthi imodi ishintshiwe futhi yingakho uyizwa iphansi kunokujwayelekile.

Enye indlela yokuhlola ukuthi isipikha sizwakala siphansi kunokujwayelekile ngenxa yenkinga yangaphakathi noma ukuntuleka kwe-voltage, ukuyixhuma ebhethrini. Izinyathelo yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Nqamula isipika futhi uyisuse endaweni yayo. I-screwdriver kanye/noma isikrufu sizokwanela.
• Ngokusebenzisa a ucingo noma udladla, xhuma itheminali enegethivu yesipika kutheminali enegethivu yebhethri
• Namathisela intambo noma udladla kutheminali ephozithivu yesipika bese uthinta kancane enye ingxenye kutheminali ephozithivu yebhethri.
• Uma izwakala ilungile, inkinga isuka kumjikelezo wangaphakathi wemoto, hhayi ocingweni.

Intengo yophondo lwemoto entsha

Uma uqinisekise ukuthi isipikha sakho siphukile futhi ufuna ukusithenga, ungathanda ukwazi ukuthi asibizi kakhulu. Inani layo Ngokuvamile kuphakathi kwama-euro ayi-10 noma angama-20. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukuthola efanele imodeli yakho ngoba kunezitolo eziningi eziku-inthanethi noma zobuso nobuso ezinesitoko esikhulu.