Ipuleti lomkhiqizi: konke mayelana nokuhlonza imoto

Emotweni yethu, singathola amapuleti ahlukene asinika ulwazi oluhlukahlukene mayelana nemoto. Phakathi kwabo, i Ipuleti Lomkhiqizi (noma Lomakhi). Iyona enikeza ulwazi oluningi mayelana nemoto.

Kulelipuleti uzothola amakhodi afana ne Inombolo kamazisi yemoto (VIN), i inombolo yokugunyaza, idatha ehlukile ku- IMisa Eligunyaziwe Eliphezulu, Njll

Ingatholakala ezindaweni eziningana, ngokuvamile endaweni injini noma B-insika ye ohlangothini lwesokudla lwemoto. Nakuba zikhona futhi izinhlobo ezinayo emasondweni ayisipele kahle (okwaVolkswagen noma kwaRenault), ngaphansi kwesihlalo somgibeli (Opel, Mercedes, Ford...), ezindaweni ezahlukene ekhomishini yenjini (BMW, VAG Group, PSA Group) …). izimoto Ama-ATV aphatha leli puleti ku-chassis ehlukene (uma benayo). Ngokujwayelekile kwilungu elingakwesokudla (amanye amaMitsubishi analo eduze nesondo elingemuva).

Sebenzisa ipuleti lomkhiqizi ukuhlonza imoto

Ipuleti lomkhiqizi ngokuvamile lisesimweni sepuleti lebhawodi noma isitikha. Ngaphakathi kwayo singathola ulwazi oluningi khomba imoto futhi unqume ukuthi iyini ngempela:

• I-Marca
• Inombolo ye-Homologation
• I-VIN (Inombolo Yesibonakaliso Yemoto)
• I-MMA (IMisa Eligunyaziwe Eliphezulu)
• I-MMA + I-trailer
• i-anterior axis MMA
• i-axle yangemuva ye-MMA
• Olunye ulwazi

Inombolo ye-Homologation

Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwemoto, inombolo ye-homologation yemoto ikhonjisiwe. Ihlukaniswe ngamabhulokhi amaningana ahlukaniswe ngama-asterisk. Izincazelo zebhulokhi ngayinye enombolweni yokugunyaza zimi kanje:

• eXX *XXX/XX *XXX* XX
  • e: kusho ukuthi ivunyiwe ku I-European Union
  • XX: ezinye izinombolo ezikhombisa izwe elithile lapho zigunyazwe khona. 1 EJalimane, 2 EFrance, 3 Italy, 4 I-Netherlands, 5 Sweden, 6 Belgium, 9 ESpain, 11 Reino Unido, 12 E-Austria, 13 Luxembourg, 17 Finland, 18 Denmark, 21 EPortugal, 23 Greece, 24 Ireland
• eXX * XXX/XX *XXX*XX
  Yisiqondiso sohlelo lokusebenza. Esibonelweni sesithombe esingenhla ungabona 2001/116. Amamodeli angaphambili azophatha ngokwesibonelo 98/14, 93/81 ó 92/53.
• eXX *XXX/XX * I-XXXX *XX
  Yinombolo yokugunyaza. Esibonelweni sesithombe 0206.
• eXX *XXX/XX *XXXX* XX
  Lezi zinombolo zivame ukuvela uma sekukhona ezinye ukuguqulwa noma ubuyekeze kusukela ekugunyazweni kokuqala.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ungayithenga kanjani imoto eJalimane

Ukuhlonza imoto ngenombolo ye-chassis (VIN)

Inombolo Yesibonakaliso Yemoto (VIN) iyinhlanganisela ehlelekile yezinhlamvu ezinikezwe umenzi kumodeli yemoto ngayinye. Umthetho ISO 3779 icacisa imibandela yokuqukethwe nesakhiwo se- I-VIN. Kubalulekile ukukwazi ngokugcwele uma sikudinga thenga izingxenye ezisele.

Futhi ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi inombolo ye-VIN Futhi akukhona nje ku-nameplate. Njengamanje, ukuzibona kalula, kumamodeli amaningi singawathola ku- iwindshield ephansi kwesokunxele.

Inombolo I-VIN, ebizwa nangokuthi inombolo yozimele noma i-chassis, yakhiwe ngamadijithi ayi-17 ahlukaniswe izigaba ezi-3:

• Owokuqala ngothi I-WMI (Ukuhlonza Umakhi Womhlaba Wonke), kukhona Amadijithi we-3 futhi nabo, singakwazi ukwazi Ibhrendi yemoto. Isibonelo, i-Porsche i-WP0 (ngaphandle kwe-Cayenne) ne-Seat VSS.
• Okwesibili ucingo I-VDS (I-Vehicle Model Identification) futhi yakhiwe i- Amadijithi we-6 kulandela. Ngenxa ye-VDS singakwazi ukwazi imishini kanye ne izici ezijwayelekile zemoto.
• Owokugcina wabo ngu I-VIS, eyakhiwe ngu- izinombolo zokugcina eziyi-8 i-del I-VIN futhi ihlanganisa okuthiwa inombolo yomkhiqizo wokukhiqiza yemoto ngayinye. Izinombolo ezi-4 zokugcina ziyizinombolo njalo. Ngaphakathi kwe-VIS ungafaka unyaka wokukhiqiza esikhundleni seshumi futhi yakhiwe kuphi.

Uma kwenzeka unyaka wokukhiqiza ufakiwe (Imodeli Yonyaka) ku I-VIS, ezinye izimpawu ezimiswe ngaphambili zivame ukusetshenziswa njengoba zivela kuthebula engilinamathisele ngezansi.

Kusukela ngo-1981 kuya ku-2009

IKHODI	UNYAKA	IKHODI	UNYAKA	IKHODI	UNYAKA
A	1980	L	1990	Y	2000
B	1981	M	1991	1	2001
C	1982	N	1992	2	2002
D	1983	P	1993	3	2003
E	1984	R	1994	4	2004
F	1985	S	1995	5	2005
G	1986	T	1996	6	2006
H	1987	V	1997	7	2007
J	1988	W	1998	8	2008
K	1989	X	1999	9	2009

Kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2038

IKHODI	UNYAKA	IKHODI	UNYAKA	IKHODI	UNYAKA
A	2010	L	2020	Y	2030
B	2011	M	2021	1	2031
C	2012	N	2022	2	2032
D	2013	P	2023	3	2033
E	2014	R	2024	4	2034
F	2015	S	2025	5	2035
G	2016	T	2026	6	2036
H	2017	V	2027	7	2037
J	2018	W	2028	8	2038
K	2019	X	2029	9	2039

IMisa Ephezulu Egunyaziwe

Ipuleti lomkhiqizi alibonisi ukuthi inombolo ngayinye ibhekisela kuliphi inani, kodwa lihlala lihamba ngokulandelana okufanayo:

1. MMA (Isisindo esiphezulu esigunyaziwe): ebizwa nangokuthi I-MMAC (Ubukhulu IMisa Yokulayisha Egunyaziwe). Lesi isisindo esiphezulu esivunyelwe emotweni, esitholakala ngokungeza imoto nakho konke okuthutha (abagibeli nempahla).
2. I-MTR (Isisindo Sokuginqa). Yisamba se I-MMA kanye ne-trailer ephezulu ukuthi imoto ingathwala. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "imoto elayishwe inqola", kodwa leli akulona igama eliqondile, ngoba alibhekiseli kubuningi obukhulu.
3. i-anterior axis MMA: futhi wabizwa I-MMTA (Inani Eliphelele LeMisa Eligunyaziwe) ye-asi yangaphambili. Yisisindo esiphezulu esivunyelwe ku-ekseli okukhulunywa ngayo. Ngendlela yokuthi kungenzeka ukweqa leli nani, ngaphandle kokweqa i-MMA yemoto.
4. i-axle yangemuva ye-MMA: futhi wabizwa I-MMTA (Inani Eliphelele LeMisa Eligunyaziwe) i-axle yangemuva. Okufanayo nakuma-ekseli angaphambili.

Enye idatha ngaphakathi kwepuleti lomkhiqizi

Kuze kube manje sikhulume ngedatha ebaluleke kakhulu engabonwa kuwo womabili amapuleti amalayisense amadala namadala. Kodwa zikhona futhi enye idatha ebonakala kuyo. Isibonelo, indawo yokukhiqiza, imodeli yemoto, uhlobo lomzimba, injini, ikhodi kapende (negama layo elibhaliwe) kanye nenani lokukhishwa kwe-exhaust.

Abanye babo ewusizo kakhulu ochwepheshe kanye nabanikazi, njengoba kwenzeka ngekhodi yombala kapende. Ubani esingaphendukela kuye uma kudingeka sipende kabusha noma iyiphi ingxenye yemoto.