Emasontweni adlule sibe nezinsuku ze iqhwa elinzima ingxenye enkulu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia; ikakhulukazi kulezi zinsuku ezimbalwa ezedlule futhi, masikhumbule, ekupheleni kukaKhisimusi odlule, phakathi nemikhosi yoSuku Lwamakhosi Amathathu. Okuningi abashayeli bebevaleleke emigwaqweni, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokungabi bikho kolwazi noma ngenxa yokungaziphathi kahle kwalabo abagibele izimoto zabo lapho bebhekene nesiphepho ngaphandle kokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo.
Sisanda kuhambela umcimbi womkhankaso “Shintsha imikhuba yakho, shintsha amathayi akho” egqugquzelwa yiKhomishini Yabakhiqizi Bamathayela. Indawo ekhethelwe ukuhlolwa kwamasondo, kuqhathaniswa namasondo asebusika namathayi ajwayelekile, kwakuyisikhungo sezitolo iXanadú eMadrid, ukwenza izivivinyo endaweni eshelelayo kanye naku-SnowZone uqobo kusukela enxanxatheleni yezitolo; okungukuthi, ku ithrekhi yeqhwa. Sesikushilo lokho, sizokutshela imizwa yethu.
Ngemva kwesithangami sabezindaba lapho uJosé Luis Rodríguez, umqondisi weNational Rubber Industry Consortium, esimele khona izinzuzo nokwehluka kokuziphatha yamasondo avamile, isizini yonke kanye namasondo asebusika, kwase kuyisikhathi sokungena ngemuva kwesondo. Ukushintsha kwethu kuzoqala ngo ithrekhi eshelelayo endaweni yokupaka yenxanxathela yezitolo okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, lapho amaVolkswagen Golfs ayesilindile ngaphandle kokuthi amathayi ebusika kwezinye izimo kanye namasondo "avamile" kwabanye.
Amathayi asebusika VS amathayi ajwayelekile
Sizokwenza kuqala a ukusheshisa okuqinile, okungamamitha angu-15 ukuhlola ukudonsa kwezimoto ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamasondo. Kulesi sivivinyo, izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili zinenjini efanayo kanye no-gearbox oyi-double clutch, okushiya ama-electronic controls evuliwe. Ukuze siqhathanise ngokulinganayo ngangokunokwenzeka, sibeka ukudluliselwa kumodi yezemidlalo futhi sanyakaza ngokugcwele ngaphandle kokuchofoza inkinobho yokukhahlela phansi.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umehluko wesivinini esisuka ngawo endaweni eshelelayo wawungemkhulu kakhulu, cishe i-28 km / h ngamathayi asebusika kanye ne-25 km / h ngejwayelekile, imizwa yayihluke kakhulu. Nge amathayi ebusika izinsiza zikagesi yokudonsa kwaqala ukusebenza, kodwa ngokugcina isikhathi futhi ngingababoni nhlobo; ngenkathi ne amasondo "ehlobo" empeleni awazange ayeke ukudlala, kubonakala ngokucacile ngemisindo abayidalayo, futhi, vele, nokukhanya okuyisixwayiso kuphaneli yezinsimbi.
Sasuka lapho saya indawo yokubhuleka, yenza i-emergency braking ku-50 km/h, futhi endaweni eshelelayo. Umehluko phakathi kwazo zombili izimoto -ezifakwe amathayi ezinhlobo ezahlukene, ngesivinini esifanayo kanye nokubhuleka endaweni efanayo- phakathi kwamamitha amathathu namane. Ibanga ebelizonyuka ngokuphawulekayo njengoba sinyusa ijubane lapho kuqalwa khona ukubhuleka
Amamitha angu-4 angase angabonakali njengomehluko omkhulu, kodwa khumbula ukuthi amamitha amane anjalo yini ekala imoto yesigaba B, thayipha iRenault Clio. Ngakho-ke singasuka ekubeni novalo oluncane siye ekushintsheni ingxenye enhle yengaphambili lethu uma kwenzeka kushayisana ngasemuva. Uma kwenzeka uhlaselwa, ukucasuka kuzoba kukhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma sizama ukulungisa trajectory in full braking, the isondo lasebusika lilalela kangcono imiyalo yethu esiteringini.
amasondo ebusika eqhweni
Kwase kuyisikhathi sokuphinda ungene ku-SnowZone yenxanxathela yezitolo i-Xanadú. Inhlangano yayenze Isakhiwo esifushane nesilula ukwehla nokwenyuka ngamajika athile ukuze, ezilawulweni zeNissan X-Trail diesel 4×4 kanye no gearbox oshintshwayo, sikwazi jabulela ukubamba kwamasondo asebusika. Kulokhu, besingeke sihlole amathayi avamile. Eqinisweni angicabangi ukuthi besizokwazi ukukuqeda.
Isiqephu sokuqala ne 4×4 ukudonsa kwenziwe kwasebenza futhi yonke indlela iyakhuphuka futhi ilandelela amajika azikho izinkinga uma sithambile kugesi. Uma kwenzeka ukusheshisa kungazelelwe, njengoba kunengqondo, ukulahlekelwa okuthile kokudonsa kubonakala futhi izinsiza ziqala ukusebenza, kodwa sigcina umuzwa wokulawula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ekwehleni, sivika i-cone slalom ngesivinini esihlakaniphile futhi ngaphandle kokukhukhuleka.
Senza umzuliswano wesibili womzila weqhwa kuphela nge-front wheel drive, ngaphandle kokuvula idrayivu engu-4×4. I ukulahlekelwa ukunamathela komkhawulo wangaphambili kukhulu, into ebilindelwe kakhulu, kodwa siqhubekela phambili ngokuphepha. Kulokhu, ekwehleni kwe-cone slalom, sinqume ukufuna okwengeziwe futhi sidlale eqinile ukubhuleka ngemoto ijika. I-ABS ingena ngokushesha futhi, yebo, ukubamba kuphansi kakhulu kunokuba bekungaba emhlabathini owomile, kodwa noma kunjalo ukumangala okuhle, eqondisa kahle.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesondo lasebusika kanye nesondo "lasehlobo"?
Abaningi. Iso lenyama, umdwebo womunye nomunye uzosenza sizihlukanise kalula. Sonke siyazi ukuthi amasondo ajwayelekile abukeka kanjani; kodwa mhlawumbe akubona bonke abake bawabona amathayi asebusika. Okokuqala, i ukuphakama kwesithende iphakeme ngandlela thize kumasondo asebusika, inhloso yawo iwukukhipha amanzi amaningi (noma iqhwa noma udaka). Sizobona futhi ukuthi abanye izikhala ezincane noma ama-sipes kuma-studs, anikeza ukubamba okukhulu ngaphansi kokusheshisa nokubhuleka endaweni eneqhwa noma eneqhwa. Okokugcina, i ama-compounds asetshenzisiwe kanye namafomula okudubula ahlukene, amathayi asebusika athambe ngokuphawulekayo.
Kunjani ukumaka okukhethekile kwamasondo asebusika?
Ngenhloso yokwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa enye kwenye, phakathi kwama-acronyms nezinombolo ezivela kumaphrofayili amathayi, sizokwazi ukubona imibhalo "kodaka nesithwathwa" ngesifinyezo I-MS, M+S noma i-M&S. Kulokhu, angamasondo asebusika ahlanganisiwe kodwa awazange ahlolwe ezimweni zasebusika.
El ukumaka “3PMSF”, ngesithombe esikhombisa a intaba eneziqongo ezintathu kanye nekhekheba leqhwa ngaphakathi, ikhombisa ukuthi le modeli yesondo ethize iye yabhekana nokuhlolwa okukhethekile kwasebusika nokuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, iwaphumelele ngokwendlela yesitifiketi ye-ETRTO (European Ture Run Technical Organization).
Kunini lapho kululeka khona ukufaka amathayi ebusika?
Khumbula ukuthi konke kuncike esimweni sezulu nesimo sezulu lapho sihamba ngokujwayelekile. Uma sihlala e-Tenerife, ngokwesibonelo, singakwazi ukuvala ukutholwa kwayo. Nokho, eningini lenhlonhlo amazinga okushisa abanda kakhulu phakathi nezinyanga ezine noma ezinhlanu zonyaka, kube neqhwa elivamile ezindaweni ezithile nokuphakama mayelana nezinga lolwandle.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, isondo lasebusika linikeza ukubambelela kangcono ku-asphalt eyomile lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile, elithathwa njengereferensi (ngoba singaba ne-asphalt ebanda kakhulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme le-ambient), lingu-7 degrees Celsius. Akudingekile ukusho, uma kuneqhwa, izimvula noma iqhwa njalo endaweni lapho sihamba khona, amasondo asebusika azoba umsizi omkhulu.
Ngale ndlela, kungaba kuhle ukuba nemidlalo emibili amasondo, amanye ebusika kanti amanye ehlobo; ukufaka ezasebusika cishe ngenkathi eqala ngoNovemba kuya kuNdasa, ukuhlanganisa kabusha umdlalo wasehlobo kuze kuphele isizini. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kuyinkomba, ngoba, njengoba sishilo, kuncike kakhulu ezindaweni esizungeza kuzo.
amathayi ebusika ehlobo
Abaningi benu bangase babe nokungabaza kwenzekani uma ngisebenzisa amathayi asebusika ngesikhathi sasehlobo. Okokuqala nje, ukusho ukuthi kusemthethweni ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lingekho phezulu kakhulu ehlobo, kungenzeka ukukhweza kuphela amathayi asebusika kuphela.
Kunoma ikuphi, iningi lenhlonhlo ngesikhathi sasehlobo amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu afinyelelwa. Sake sasho phambilini ukuthi amathayi asebusika ahlinzeka ngokubambelela okwengeziwe ngaphansi kwama-degree angu-7 uma kuqhathaniswa namasondo avamile. Ngaphezu kwalawo ma-degree angu-7, ukubamba kuphansi ngandlela thize futhi ukuguga kwayo, okuyinhlanganisela ethambile nokuba nezikhonkwane ezinolaka, kuyashesha. Yingakho kunconywa ukuba ube namasethi amabili amathayi, ukuze sebenzisa amakhono kangcono nokuqina kwawo ngamunye.
Amasondo asebusika kuphela ku-axle yokushayela?
Usuyakwazi lokho amaketanga afakwa kuphela ku-axle yokushayela, okungukuthi, ku-axis ethumela amandla enjini ku-asphalt. Uma kwenzeka kuba amasondo ebusika, kuhle kakhulu ukuwafaka kuwo wonke amasondo amane. Uma nganoma yisiphi isizathu singakwazi ukufaka ipheya eyodwa kuphela, sizokwenza ku-axle yokushayela, kodwa uzoqonda ngokushesha ukuthi kungani izincomo zamasondo amane asebusika.
Endabeni yamaketanga, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kudingekile kuphela ku-axle yokushayela ngoba agcinelwe ukusetshenziswa okuqondile lapho sinesithakazelo ekuhlanganisweni kokunamathela ukuze siye phambili. Kudingeka okwengeziwe ngamathayi asebusika, ezindaweni ezomile nezingabambeki kancane, kanjalo uma nje sithwala la masondo nge-asi eyodwa sizobe singalingani. Kulesi simo, imoto edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili kungenzeka ukuthi ijikeleze, kanti imoto edonsa ngamasondo angemuva ingaba nokuziphatha okuphansi kakhulu.
Ngidinga amaketanga anamasondo asebusika?
Cha, ungasebenzisi amaketanga anamathayi asebusika. Amathayi asebusika athatha indawo yamaketanga futhi, ukukhuluma iqiniso, asebenza kakhulu, akhululekile futhi asebenza kahle. Amaketanga asebusika asetshenziselwa ukuqhubekela phambili kuphela lapho ungqimba lweqhwa noma iqhwa lubalulekile, futhi kufanele akhishwe lapho sithinta i-asphalt ehlanzekile ukuze sigweme umonakalo; kuyilapho amasondo asebusika eqinisekisa ukubamba okuhle kokubili kulezo zimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nomhlabathi owomile kanye ne-asphalt ebanda kakhulu, okungukuthi, ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Izinzuzo zamasondo asebusika uma kuqhathaniswa namathayi ehlobo ngenkathi yasebusika
- Umthamo omkhulu wokudonsa cishe kunoma yisiphi isimo.
- Ingozi encishisiwe ye-aquaplaning.
- Kwehlisiwe ibanga lokubhuleka.
- Amathuba okushayela eqhweni ngeziqinisekiso futhi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amaketanga.
Izinzuzo zamasondo asebusika uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwamaketanga
- Singawasebenzisa kunoma iyiphi indawo.
- Iphephe kakhudlwana futhi inethezeke kakhulu njengoba kungadingeki ume ukuze uyikhweze futhi uyihlehlise njalo.
- Amanye amaketanga awahambisani nazo zonke izinhlobo zezimoto noma amathayi.
- Amathayi asebusika angafakwa kuwo womabili ama-ekseli amasondo, kunxeshezelwe ukuziphatha kwemoto. Amaketanga ahamba kuphela ku-drivetrain.
