Imboni yezimoto iye yalingisa kancane kancane inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi idijithalii-ation. Sinezimoto ezihlakaniphile nezizimele, ezikwazi ukwenza izinqumo noma ukulindela noma yisiphi isenzakalo esingalindelekile esingase senzeke ngenkathi ushayela. izimoto ezikwaziyo sindisa izimpilo.
amasistimu okuphepha asebenzayo badla lolu shintsho embonini, lapho ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-R&D kuyisibopho, hhayi ngokuzithandela. Futhi kuya ngokuya kudingekile ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi yomshayeli futhi kuqedwe isici somuntu ngangokunokwenzeka. Namuhla, kunezinhlelo eziningi ezisivumela ukuba sibe nokushayela okuphephile, okusiza kokubili umshayeli nalabo abaseduze kwakhe. Kodwa zihlanganisani lezi zinhlelo? Ake sibone eziyinhloko ezifaka phakathi [noma okufanele zifake] amabhrendi kulo mkhakha:
Amabhuleki e-Anti-lock noma i-ABS
Enye yezinhlelo zendabuko nezisebenza kahle, ezibalulekile kuyo yonke imoto. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko vimbela amathayi ukuthi angakhiyi ngesikhathi sokubhuleka kungazelelwe. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho, ezikhathini eziningi esimweni esingalindelekile, sisebenzisa amandla amakhulu kunokujwayelekile ku-pedal yebhuleki.
El ABS Kulesi simo, kuvimbela amasondo ukuthi akhiye futhi ashelele emgwaqeni, okubangela ukwanda okukhulu kwebanga lokuma futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula isiqondiso. Njengoba kwenza? Ukudedela ingcindezi ku-brake system ukuze isondo liqhubeke nokugingqika. Noma kunjalo, lolu hlelo alunaphutha, njengoba kunikezwe isimo esithile esiyingqayizivele, njengokubhuleka emigwaqweni nge iqhwa noma udaka, umsebenzi wayo ungase ungabi njengoba bekulindelekile.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Electronic brake force noma i-EBD
I-EBD ihambisana ne-ABS, okungukuthi, zombili izinhlelo zisebenza kangcono ngokubambisana. Iwuhlelo oluhlakaniphile olukwazi ukusabalalisa amandla okubhuleka phakathi kwama-axle ngokusekelwe esisindweni esixhaswe yisondo ngalinye, okuvimbela i-brake system ukuthi ilayishe ngokweqile futhi ingene esigabeni sokukhiya nokuvula njalo lapho imoto imisiwe.
Isibonelo ukusetshenziswa kwalesi simiso kungaba ukubhuleka kungazelelwe emgqeni oqondile nokugeleza kwezimoto. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, uma imoto ibhuleka, isisindo sayo siya phambili. Isisindo kwi-axle yangaphambili siyakhuphuka, sisebenza ngokubamba okukhulu kwamasondo angaphambili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasondo angemuva angase alahlekelwe ukubamba, njengoba isisindo se-axle yangemuva sincane. Uma i-EBD inquma ukuthi amasondo angemuva angakhiywa, iyasebenza futhi ayivumeli amandla amakhulu okubhuleka ku-axle yangemuva.
Umthwalo wemoto awufani, izinguquko ngenkathi ushayela, ngakho umsebenzi walesi simiso ubalulekile ekushayeleni okuphephile.
Ukulawula ukuzinza noma i-ESP
Ngenkathi ushayela, ukugcina ukulawula imoto kubaluleke kakhulu. Kunezimo eziningi ezingathinta i ukulahlekelwa ukulawula semoto: ijubane elinganele, amathayi agugile, ukubhuleka noma ukusheshisa kungazelelwe, umgwaqo omanzi noma esimweni esingesihle... Uma ungayilawuli imoto, unenkinga. Lolu hlelo luzama ukugcina imoto isendleleni efanele, isebenza emasondweni ngokuzimela.
El ESP Isebenza ngokubhuleka amasondo adingekayo uma ibona ukuthi imoto iyachezuka endleleni ekhethwe umshayeli. Ukunquma kanjani? Ngokusebenzisa izinzwa zesivinini sokuzungezisa zesondo ngalinye, izinzwa zokuzungezisa zesondo lokuqondisa kanye nenzwa yokusheshisa i-longitudinal.
Isistimu yokulawula ukuzinza iyasebenza emuva izimo:
- Lapho imoto ama-oversteers (ijika ngaphezu kwalokho esikukhomba ngesondo lokushayela, ihamba imbongolo)
- Nini understeer (ijika ibe ngaphansi kunaleyo ekhonjisiwe ngesondo lokuqondisa, iya ekhaleni).
Esimweni sokuqala, uhlelo luzosebenza ngokubhuleka isondo langaphandle lejika. Kwesibili, ukubhuleka isondo elingemuva ngaphakathi kwejika, kuvimbela imoto ukuthi ingaphumi ngaphandle kwejika.
Ukulawula ukudonsa noma i-TCS
Ungomunye walabo abaphethe Amasondo emoto ahlala exhumene nomgwaqo futhi awashibiliki.. ISu sebenzisa ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezindaweni ezishelelayo, njengaku imigwaqo eneqhwa, emanzi noma enodaka kodwa futhi uma idlula ukusheshisa.
Ngokwesibonelo, uma sisemthambekeni oneqhwa sizama ukukhuphuka kuwo ngaphandle kwamaketanga, uma singenalo lesi simiso ngeke sikwazi ukuqhubekela phambili emgwaqeni. Emqanseni oshelelayo, i-TCS izokwenza ngokuqhubeka ibhuleka isondo elihlulekayo ukubamba lapho ligijima futhi linciphisa amandla enjini.
ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo okuzenzakalelayo
Njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, le sistimu iyakwazi ukubhuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuvimbela izingozi kusengaphambili ezimeni ezingalindelekile lapho umshayeli engase angqubuzane khona nemoto, isilwane noma umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngenxa yamadivayisi noma ama-radar afakwe ngaphambili kwemoto. Uma umshayeli akusabeli ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo awele futhi imoto icabange ukuthi kungase kube nomthelela, ukubhuleka okuzenzakalelayo kuzosebenza. Lokhu kungagwema umthelela ezimweni eziningi, noma okungenani kunciphise umonakalo.
Uhlelo, ukuxwayisa ngokusondelana okweqile kwemoto nanoma yiziphi izici ezingenhla, lingakhipha izixwayiso ezinomsindo nezilula njengendlela yokugcina ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo. Uma umshayeli engenzi ngaphambi kwalezi zimpawu, uhlelo luzosebenza. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le automatic braking system cha akunaphutha, njengoba kuye kwaba nezimo lapho ukuqashelwa kwezinto kungazange kwenziwe ngendlela efanele futhi, ngakho-ke, akuzange kume phambi kwazo. Ngokungangabazeki, kuwuhlelo olukwazi ukubikezela izenzakalo eziningi ezingalindelekile ekushayeleni ezingadala izingozi, kodwa ekugcineni umshayeli unomthwalo wemfanelo.
Ukuqapha ingcindezi yethayi noma i-TPMS
Sekuvele ukuthi enye yezinto ezidala izingozi emigwaqeni wukusetshenziswa kwamasondo esesimweni esingesihle noma ngaphandle kwengcindezi evezwa ngumkhiqizi. Lolu hlelo lusetshenziselwa ukukalwa ngemoto kwezinga lokucindezela isondo ngalinye ngokuzimela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye baphinde babike izinga lokushisa kwesondo ngalinye.
Isistimu yokusiza amabhuleki noma i-BAS
Esimeni esiphuthumayo, umshayeli ujwayele ukwenza isenzo esisheshayo sokumisa ukusheshisa nokubhuleka, kodwa angasebenzisi wonke amandla avunyelwe ibhuleki. Ekugcineni, ibanga lokuma liyakhula. I-BAS ivumela ukuthi kulezi zimo imoto ingakwazi ibhuleki ngamandla amakhulu ngisho noma umshayeli ecindezela i-pedal enengcindezi enganele ukugwema umthelela.
I-Hill Start Assist noma i-Hill Holder
Kungumsebenzi owodwa owengeziwe wesistimu ye-ESP, okuthi, kusetshenziswa inzwa, ithole i-engeli yokuthambekela komsebenzi womzimba. Uma imoto imiswa endaweni eyeqa i-engeli yokuthambekela, sizoqala ngosizo lwe-Hill Holder, ezofaka ingcindezi kumabhuleki angaphambili futhi izovimbela imoto ukuthi ibuyele emuva imizuzwana embalwa lapho unyawo luhamba. uyaphakanyiswa kwi-pedal brake.
Lesi simiso singumngane othembekile walabo abesabayo ukuqala kuleyo mithambeka ewumqansa futhi okufanele bajikijele ibhuleki lesandla noma i-clutch ukuze baphume kulezo zimo.
ukuqapha indawo eyimpumputhe
Enye yamasistimu okuphepha asebenzayo akamuva. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, enye yezindlela eziyingozi nezesatshwayo zabashayeli yilezi ukushintsha umzila noma ukudlula emigwaqweni emikhulu, isibonelo, emigwaqweni emikhulu. Lolu hlelo luyasiza gwema ukungqubuzana lapho senza lezi zenzo, ngoba ithola futhi ixwayise umshayeli mayelana nokuba khona kwezimoto ku i-angle efile (indawo eseceleni kwemoto lapho umshayeli engakwazi ukubona noma yisiphi isibuko esingemuva) yezibuko ezibonisa ngemuva.
Isexwayiso Sokuhamba Ngomzila
Umsebenzi wawo ulula njengoba kudingeka, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ukuthi abanye abashayeli babheke kude nomgwaqo (kungaba ngenxa yokuphazamiseka noma ukozela) futhi bawushiye umzila ngokuzenzakalelayo, bebeka engozini ubuqotho babo bomzimba nokwalabo ababazungezile. Uhlelo luzosebenza lapho imoto iphuma emzileni ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amasignali ajikayo, ukuxwayisa umshayeli ngokusebenzisa isignali ye-acoustic ne-light ngisho nangokudlidliza esihlalweni noma esondweni.
Ukuze kulungiswe lesi simo, ezinye izimoto zihlanganisa usizo lokugcina umzila. Ngokungafani neyangaphambili, enomsebenzi wokuxwayisa kuphela, lolu hlelo lunomsebenzi okabili: qaphela futhi wenze. Esimeni lapho umshayeli engayishintshi indlela yakhe yokulandela umkhondo ngokuphendula isixwayiso sokusuka emzileni ngokuzenzakalelayo, uhlelo izosebenza esiteringini ngokuphendula isondo lokushayela ukuze ubuyele endleleni.
I-Adaptive Cruise Control noma i-ACC
I-Conventional cruise control ivumela umshayeli ukuthi akhethe isivinini azosigcina imoto ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-accelerator pedal. Ngalokhu siyakwazi ukugcina isigqi esingaguquki futhi sigweme ukuthi, ngephutha, siwela esivinini eseqile. Ivalwa kuphela ngokuthinta ibhuleki noma ngokucindezela inkinobho yomsebenzi oshiwoyo.
I-ACC noma i-Adaptive Cruise Control iwukuvela kwalolu hlelo. Ngaphezu kokugcina isivinini esizinzile, inciphisa imoto futhi igcine ibanga elifanele lokuphepha uma sisondela kwenye imoto noma, ngokwesibonelo, usifica futhi wehlise ijubane. Uma imoto ephambi kwethu ibhuleka, nemoto yethu yenza kanjalo.
ukulawula ukukhathala
Okuhlobene nalokhu okungenhla, kunezinhlelo ezikwazi ukubona ukuthi umshayeli ukhathele yini ngesikhathi eshayela. Lapho sikhathele ingqondo futhi ukunaka isondo kubi. Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngamakhamera abona ukunyakaza kwamehlo nezinga lokucwayiza komshayeli. Ngamanye amazwi, bahlaziya indlela yokuziphatha bonke abashayeli abavame ukuba nayo.
Ngokushesha nje lapho uhlelo lujabulela ukuthi lokhu kushintshiwe, i-alamu icushiwe (ngokuvamile kudeshibhodi noma kuma-acoustics) eyeluleka umshayeli ukuthi ame aphumule. Iphinde ihlaziye inani lamahora okushayela, inani lokulungiswa esondweni, umzila oshintshayo ngaphandle kokukhanyisa...
Ukuqashelwa kwezimpawu zomgwaqo
Lesi simiso sokugcina esihlokweni asikwazi nje ukukusiza ukuthi ugcine isivinini esifanele emgwaqeni uma kwenzeka ungabonanga uphawu oluyikhombisile (imvamisa izoyikhombisa kuphaneli yezinsimbi), kodwa futhi bangakukhipha inhlawulo.
Ijubane elikhulu lisho ingozi enkulu yokuba sengozini, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi lolu hlelo lusikhumbuze ukuthi kufanele sishayele ngasiphi isivinini. Futhi, futhi kuye ngamabhrendi, iyakwazi ukubona ezinye izimpawu ezifana nokusatshalaliswa okunqatshelwe, isixwayise uma senza iphutha.
Embonini yezimoto, ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amasistimu amasha avela kancane kancane noma athuthukiswe angasiza ekuvimbeleni izingozi futhi ehlise izinga eliphezulu lokufa kwabantu emigwaqweni. Kodwa-ke, akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi nakuba lokhu kusiza ekwenzeni ukushayela kuphephe, isici somuntu siyohlale sidlala indima enkulu ezingozini zomgwaqo.