Izimoto zivame ukuba nazo izinzwa zokukhanya kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yabo, imisebenzi ethile ingathuthukiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzwa ngokuvamile sezibaluleke kakhulu ezimotweni ezintsha zikagesi nezizimele. Kungakho sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sicacise ukuthi iyini inzwa yokukhanya, sichaza ukusebenza kwayo okuyisisekelo, izindawo ezisemotweni lapho ingatholakala khona kanye nomsebenzi wayo, kanye nezinhlobo zezinzwa zokukhanya ezikhona.
Iyini inzwa yokukhanya
Un inzwa yokukhanya Kuyidivayisi ekwazi ukuthwebula amandla okukhanya, njengama-photon, futhi iwaguqulele ekushayeni kukagesi okunamandla kakhulu noma okuncane. Ngale ndlela ungakwazi ukuthwebula futhi ulinganise izinguquko zokukhanya endaweni. Siyabonga kubo, ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhumana, bangakwazi ukubona lokhu kuhlukahluka kokukhanya ukuze benze isenzo ngokufanele. Ziqinile, zivuma zonke izinhlobo zezibani, ziyakwazi ukubona uma uhamba amabanga amade, ziyavumelana nezimo ukuze zenze imisebenzi eminingi yazo zonke izinhlobo, zishibhile kakhulu, zilula, futhi zincane ngosayizi ukuze zibekwe cishe noma kuphi. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo nakho kuphansi, futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa nokuhlela ukuze uthole okufunayo kuzo.
Isebenza kanjani inzwa yokukhanya?
Umgomo wakhe we ukusebenza kuyisisekelo, isekelwe emphumeleni we-photoelectric, njengamanye amaphaneli elanga, futhi lapho amandla noma ama-photon eshayisana nezinsimbi ezithile zokwakheka kwawo, ama-electron agxuma, akhiqize amandla kagesi. Lawa ma-pulses kagesi angaya kwamanye amadivaysi, njenge-MCU chip noma isilawuli, ukuze ahunyushwe futhi akalwe ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene:
- Thola ukungabikho noma ukukhanya okuzungezile okuphansi ukuze uvule izibani zemoto ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- Ukuze uvimbele ukukhanya kwangaphakathi kwemoto ukuthi kungakhanyi phakathi nosuku futhi wonge ibhethri.
- Ukunquma izimo zokubonakala kanye nokwenza izexwayiso zokuphepha zomshayeli.
- Ukubona amalambu akwazi ukucwazimula futhi azivumelanise ukuze ahluphe umshayeli kancane ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Njll
Sizitholaphi izinzwa zokukhanya emotweni
Kunezindawo ezimbalwa lapho imoto ingahlanganisa izinzwa zokukhanya. Ngokwesibonelo, nazi ezinye zezindawo ezingaba khona lolu hlobo lwezinzwa kumamodeli emoto anamuhla kakhulu, njengoba kwakudala lezi zakhi zazingavamile ukuhlanganiswa:
- Ifakwe kuwindi lomoya, eduze kwenzwa yemvula ukuze kutholwe izimo zokubonakala.
- Ngemuva kwesibuko esingemuva, phakathi nje kokubonakala kwesibuko esisekelayo kanye newindi langaphambili, ukuze kuthwebule ukukhanya okuwela engilazini.
- Kudeshibhodi, eduze komkhawulo we-windshield, ukuze ulungise ukukhanya kwedeshibhodi noma izikrini ezihlanganisiwe.
Izinhlobo zezinzwa zokukhanya
Njengamanje baningi izinhlobo zezinzwa zokukhanya. Phakathi evelele kakhulu futhi evamile ongazithola, nakuba kungezona zonke ezivame ukusetshenziselwa izimoto, yilezi:
- I-Photodiode: Njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, iyithuluzi le-semiconductor elishintsha izakhiwo zikagesi njengoba ukukhanya kuyishaya. Izwela kakhulu ku-IR noma ukukhanya kwe-infrared, ngakho-ke ingaba nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinhle ezigqokeni ezikala umoya wegazi, emkhakheni wezokwelapha, njll.
- I-Photovoltaic noma i-photoelectric cell: Lawa maseli awakwazi ukusetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhiqiza amandla, kodwa futhi ukuguqula amandla okukhanya abe ugesi, okungukuthi, lawo ma-photons azokhiqiza i-jet yama-electron kulezi zinzwa. Lokhu kwamanje kungatholwa futhi kukalwe ngamanye amadivaysi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwenziwa izilinganiso.
- Phototransistor: kungenye idivayisi ye-semiconductor esebenza njengenzwa yokukhanya. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni nakumadivayisi eselula. Uma ukukhanya kushaya indawo ekuhlangana kuyo isisekelo ngokudlula kulensi ebonisa ngale, izici zalolu cingo ziyashintshwa. Lesi sakhiwo sibenza bazwele ikakhulukazi.
- Ama-Photoresistors: kungolunye uhlobo olushibhile kakhulu futhi olusabalele kumenzi noma emhlabeni we-DIY. Lesi yi-resistor eguquguqukayo, kodwa iyahlukahluka kuye ngamandla okukhanya ewatholayo. Okusho ukuthi, lapho ama-photons ewushaya, ukumelana kwawo kwangaphakathi kuzoshintsha. Uma ukwazi ukuthwebula lezo zinguquko uthola inzwa yokukhanya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, asekelwe kumaseli e-cadmium sulfide, okuyisici esinokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu.
- be-CCD: Lezi zinzwa ziyinkimbinkimbi, zihlanganiswe ku-chip, futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuthwebula izithombe noma ividiyo, yamakhamera. Kulokhu, ukukhanya akuthathwa ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi othile, kodwa izifinyezo zithathwa ngakho.
- I-CMOS: Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besifunda obuhlanganisiwe futhi, futhi njenge-CCD, isetshenziselwa amakhamera. Lezi zinzwa zishibhile kunama-CCD futhi zithuthuke ngokwanele ukuthi zidlulele kuma-CCD.
Ngaphezu kwenzwa yokukhanya, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izimoto zamanje zinezinye izinzwa eziningi zazo zonke izinhlobo, njengezinzwa zokushisa, ukukala i-RPM, ukusetshenziswa, ingcindezi, nokunye okuningi.