Impela uzwile nge ukuwela i-valve, noma mhlawumbe awukakwazi futhi uyafisa ukwazi ukuthi kuyini. Kulesi sihloko sichaza konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nalo mqondo othakazelisayo kakhulu ovela ezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzofunda ukuthi ingeyani, amazinga ekhiqizwa ngayo, ubude besikhathi, njll.
Kuyini ukuwela i-valve
El ukuwela i-valve, noma ukweqa, ekuvulekeni kwevalvu yokukhipha neyokukhipha, kuhlanganisa nesikhala, esikalwa ngamadigri e-sexagesimal of crankshaft rotation, lapho ama-valve e-exhaust nama-valve okukhipha avuleka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi i-piston ikwi-upstroke, ngaphambi kokuthi i-valve yokudonsa ivalwe ngokugcwele futhi ipiston ifinyelele ku-TDC.
Ukubala i-valve crossover, engeza amadigri e-Admission Opening Advance (AAA) kanye namadigri E-Exhaust Closing Delay (RCE). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lapho i-crossover enkulu yama-valve, kungcono ukuphefumula nge-rpm ephezulu. Ngamanye amazwi, indawo yokukhipha igesi isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukumunca okuthile egumbini elivuthayo ukuze kusizwe ukungena.
I-glossary of terms
Njengoba ubona, kuvela uchungechunge lwamagama ongase ungawazi. Ngakho ngenza uhlobo uhlu lwamagama ukuwachaza wonke futhi ngaleyo ndlela kucace ngalokho okukhulunywa ngakho:
- PMS: Ekubuyiseleni izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezisebenzisa i-plunger nepiston, kunezikhungo ezimbili ezifile, engaphezulu noma i-PMS kanye nephansi noma i-PMI. Okusho ukuthi, baphawula isiqalo nesiphetho sohambo lwepiston. Ngakho-ke i-TDC iyindawo efile lapho ipiston ifinyelela phezulu kwegumbi elivuthayo.
- I-AAA (Advance Opening Advance)- Ezinjinini ezine-stroke, isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvula i-valve yokudonsa kulapho ipiston isendaweni ephakeme kakhulu yokuhamba noma i-TDC. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ingxube ye-air-fuel ihamba, ukuvula i-valve ngaphambi kwe-TDC ivumela isikhathi esengeziwe sokufaka isilinda, ukufeza ukugcwaliswa okungcono.
- I-RCE (I-Exhaust Yokuvala Ebambezelekile): Ngenxa ye-inertia yamagesi okukhipha umoya, aqhubeka ephuma nge-valve yokukhipha ngisho nalapho i-piston ifika ku-TDC futhi iqala ukushaywa phansi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuvalwa kwe-valve yokukhipha kubambezelekile. Okusho ukuthi, kuzoba nomzuzwana, njengoba sesibonile ngaphambili, lapho ukungena nokukhipha (i-valve crossing) kuvuliwe.
Yenzelweni i-valve yokuwela?
Njengoba ngishilo endimeni edlule, i-valve ye-crossover ivumela ukuphefumula okungcono. Uma ibanzi, izovumela injini ukuthi ifinyelele i-RPM ephakeme, nakuba ukusebenza ngesivinini esiphansi kuzokwehlisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwenjini. Okusho ukuthi, nge-RPM ephansi izoletha amandla amancane kanye ne-torque. Lokhu kungase kuthakazelise ezimotweni zokuncintisana ezivame ukusebenza nge-RPM ephezulu isikhathi esiningi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ukuwela kwe-valve kukufushane, kuyaphumelela ukusebenza ngesivinini esiphansi, kodwa ilahlekelwa yi-RPM ephezulu (cishe isuka ku-3500 noma i-4000 RPM, kuye ngomklamo wenjini). Lokhu kungase kuthakazelise ezimotweni ezisebenza njalo nge-RPM ephansi futhi ngokuvamile ezingatholi i-RPM ephezulu.
Ukuphambana kwamavalvu kwenzeka phakathi kwamaphi amazinga amabili?
Ukuphambana okushiwo kwama-valve kwenzeka phakathi kobukhulu obubili obaziwayo. Kwenzeka phakathi kwe-AAA (Advance to the Admission Opening) kanye ne-RCE (Ukubambezeleka Kokuvalwa Kwe-Exhaust). Yileso sikhathi esiqondile lapho okwenzeka khona lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukunqwabelana.
ukuwela vs. ubude besikhathi ku-camshaft eyodwa
Ukugqagqana kwevalvu kudinga idizayini ye-camshaft eyigugu kakhulu, i.e. a ukulawula ubude besikhathi ku-camshaft ukuze i-valve yokukhipha kanye ne-exhaust ivumelaniswe futhi ihlale ivulekile ngesikhathi esisodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukwengeza, kufanele kutholakale ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenzisa amandla enjini kanye nokunciphisa intuthu ephumayo, into ebaluleke kakhulu namuhla.