izimoto nge injini yomlilo zidinga ukuhlanganisa okunembile kwe uphethiloli nomoya ukusebenza. Okuthile okulula ukukuthola ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kodwa akulula kangako lapho sishayela Ubude obuningi uya amazinga okushisa adlulele. Kuzo zombili izimo ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwenjini kungashintshwa.
Ukuze sikuqonde, umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi ukushiswa a ukusabela kwamakhemikhali lapho a fuel (uphethiloli, udizili noma igesi) i-oxidize ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu udinga a i-oxidizing (umoya-mpilo osemoyeni), okuthi, ngenxa yokwenyuka okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa, uhlangane nekhabhoni kuphethiloli bese udala ukuqhuma.
Ukwazi lokhu, ngeke kukumangaze ukuthi ezimeni onazo umoya-mpilo omncane, ukuqhuma okungafezwa bayizingane. Ngakho-ke, izinjini eziningi zilahlekelwa amandla ezimeni ezithile. Ngezansi sichaza lezi zimo nezinye ezizodala ukuthi imoto yakho ingafani nehlala njalo.
Kungani izinjini zilahlekelwa amandla ngokuphakama?
Lapho siphakeme, umoya-mpilo uyancipha emkhathini. Kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho abanye abakucabangayo, lokhu akubangelwa ukugcwala okuphansi kwalesi sici. Empeleni lokho okukhona umoya omncane ngokujwayelekile, nazo zonke izingxenye zawo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlushwa kwe-oxygen kuyafana kunoma yikuphi ukuphakama (21%), kodwa endaweni ephakeme kunomoya omncane ngakho-ke ukucindezela komkhathi kuncane.
Kuthebula elilandelayo ungabona ukuthi ingcindezi yehla kangakanani kuye ngobude:
| Ukuphakama | 0 m | 1000 m | 2000 m | 3000 m | 4000 m | 5000 m | 6000 m | 7000 m | 8000 m |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuphakama | 0 m | 1000 m | 2000 m | 3000 m | 4000 m | 5000 m | 6000 m | 7000 m | 8000 m |
| Ukucindezela | 1 atm | 0.88 atm | 0.78 atm | 0.69 atm | 0.61 atm | 0.53 atm | 0.46 atm | 0.40 atm | 0.35 atm |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma singashayela phezulu kwe- Everest, esendaweni engamamitha angu-8,848 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, imoto yethu kuzodingeka ihambe cishe nayo 0,33 emkhathini wengcindezi. Okusho ukuthi, ingxenye yesithathu kuphela yomoya esebenza ngawo ngokugcwele.
Ngokusobala ngeke sifike ngale ndlela, the irekhodi lokuphakama kwemoto isethwe namuhla kumamitha ayi-7.000. Kodwa singafika ezindaweni lapho sizobona khona ukwehla okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwenjini. Uma uqhubeka, eSpain kukhona Izintaba ezi-217 kokuphela Amamitha angu-3.000. ukuphakama lapho umfutho womkhathi uphakathi kuka-61 no-69%.
Izinkampani ziyakwazi lokhu, yingakho izimoto zazo zivivinywa ngezindlela ezehlukene, okuhlanganisa nokushayela ezindaweni eziphakeme. Ezweni lethu sinendawo lapho abanye abakhiqizi bevamise ukuthatha amamodeli abo ukuze bathole ukuthi baziphatha kanjani ngaphandle kwendawo yokucwaninga: Sierra Nevada. Ingxenye yayo ephakeme kakhulu iku Amamitha angu-3.478 futhi umzila wemigwaqo yayo uvumela ukuhlola imoto ukuze amazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi kanye nezingcindezi zomkhathi ezahlukene. ngamakhilomitha ambalwa ungashintsha i-altitude okuyo Amamitha angu-2.100.
izimoto ezinesifo sokuwa
Izimoto ezihlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla ngobude yizo ezomkhathi. Ngokungabi nesistimu yokungena ngempoqo i-turbos, kufanele bavumelane nokucindezela komkhathi okhona. Ngakho igama layo. Okuwukuphela kwento ongayenza ukunciphisa inani likaphethiloli owujovayo amagumbi omlilo ukuze ungamoshi ngokungabi nawo umoya-mpilo owanele wokuwushisa.
Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngenxa ye- Lambda probe futhi i ibhodi lokushintsha. Eyokuqala ithola uma i- isilinganiso sikaphethiloli ne-oxygen umpofu noma ucebile futhi uthumela isignali kwabakamuva. Khona-ke iyunithi yokulawula izoshintsha i-electronics yenjini ukunciphisa noma ukwandisa inani likaphethiloli.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, izimoto ezine-turbocharged Lawa amanje ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi, lapho kutholwa umfutho ophansi, i-turbo ijikelezisa ngokushintshashintsha okuphezulu ukunxephezela ukuntuleka komoya. Yingakho belahlekelwa amandla amancane kulezi zimo. Ukuthi asebenzisa uphethiloli noma udizili.
Kuthinta kanjani ukushisa
Njengoba sike saphawula ngaphambili, kumasilinda kukhona a hlanganisa de amafutha kanye ne-oxygen lokho kuvumela ukunikeza impilo emotweni yethu. Ngenxa yalokho, uma i- umoya-mpilo inenkinga ethile, injini izokubona. Esinye isibonelo esicacile salokhu kwenzeka nge Amazinga aphezulu okushisa.
Lapho umoya ushisa kakhulu, ukuminyana kwayo kuyoba ngaphansi futhi izinhlayiya zizoba nokunyakaza okwengeziwe. Lesi simo akusona esifaneleka kakhulu ekuzuzeni ukuvutha okuhle ngakho-ke amandla alahlekile. Nokho, akusona isizathu esenza kufanele ucabange ukuthi ukubanda kuba ngcono. Amazinga okushisa aphansi nawo anemiphumela yawo emibi.
Indlela amakhaza ayithinta ngayo injini
Amazinga okushisa aphansi nawo athinta ukusebenza kwenjini evuthayo. Nakuba kulokhu akukhona ukulahlekelwa amandla, ngoba inani lomoya-mpilo wengxube lizokwanela. Uma sizungeza emazingeni okushisa asondele ku-0º centigrade injini izodla okuningi ngezizathu eziningana:
- Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukushisa: isikhathi lapho imoto idla kakhulu khona sesifikile isikhathi lapho ingakafinyeleli izinga lokushisa layo lesevisi. Futhi, lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu kuzoba nezimo eziningi lapho izolahlekelwa izinga lokushisa elifanele ukusebenza, noma ngabe isivele isifikile. Isibonelo, ekwehleni lapho injini ingena khona ekuvaleni kwe-inertia futhi ingawujovi uphethiloli noma lapho ushayela ngokushintshashintsha okuphansi kakhulu nokusebenzisa kancane isikhathi eside.
- Amafutha ane-viscous ngaphezulu: lapho ushayela emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu okokugcoba kwenjini kushubile ngakho-ke dala ukungqubuzana okwengeziwe, okuhumushela ekusetshenzisweni okwengeziwe.
- Amathayi aphelelwa yingcindezi: Lapho wehlisa izinga lokushisa, umoya ucindezelwe futhi ulahlekelwa ingcindezi ngaphakathi esondweni. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwesondo futhi ngokuvamile ukwanda kwendawo yokuxhumana nomhlabathi, ngakho ukungqubuzana kuyanda kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Le nkinga kulula ukuyixazulula, ibeka umoya owengeziwe ize ifinyelele umfutho okhonjiswe amathayi akho.
- I-alternator isebenza kakhulu: Njengoba ukusebenza kahle kwamabhethri kuphansi emazingeni okushisa aphansi, i enye indawo kufanele isebenze ngaphezu kokujwayelekile ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi adingwa ibhethri ukushaja. Okuphinde kwandisa ukusetshenziswa.
Manje zicabange ukhuphuka intaba futhi izici zokushisa okuphansi nomoya omncane ziyahlangana. Ungacabanga ukuthi imoto yakho ngeke isebenze njengokujwayelekile ezimweni ezimbi kangaka. Ngakho-ke kukhona izinguquko. njenge I-Amarok AT35, abalungiselela imoto lokho nje.
Izithombe – Juozas Kaziukenas, Rogerio Camboim SA, Guillaume Vachey, Guillaume Vachey, George Payas, Sean MacEntee
Ukuhleka kancane ukuthi ngiphonsa ukufunda iminyakazo yakho
Ngizocela umaqondana wamakhosi alandelayo uyakufanelekela namuhla lokho akuzange kungihlekise ngisho nowesifazane wamaphupho ami akangenzanga... 10 out of 10!