Impela ukubonile ezinhlelweni zokushuna zaseMelika, noma okufanayo, lokho shintsha ngokuphelele izinjini futhi bazishintshela abanye ngisho ezingafani nezakuqala zemoto. Uma ucabanga ukwenza lokho, okokuqala kufanele wazi ukuthi ungayithenga kuphi injini yemoto ephelele, uma isemthethweni futhi izodlula i-ITV, amanani, njll.
En ISpain isemthethweni ukwenza lokho, kodwa ngemikhawulo ethile okufanele uyiqaphele futhi esizoyichaza lapha. Ngenhlanhla noma ngeshwa, awukwazi ukwenza ezinye zezinto ezingasile ozibona ezimotweni zangokwezifiso ozibona kuleyo mibukiso...
Shintsha injini yemoto noma uyilungise?
Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubhekane nale nkinga, uma shintsha injini yemoto noma uyilungise. Lokhu kungancika ezindlekweni nokuthi ingabe injini endala kakhulu noma cha (injini yamakhilomitha amasha noma ephansi kulula ukuyilungisa), noma ukuthi iluphi uhlobo lwephutha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwezinye izimo akukho okunye ngaphandle kokushintsha injini ephelele ngomunye.
Ngokwesibonelo, abanye ukuqhekeka kungaba kubi ngokwanele ngokwanele ukunxephezela ushintsho oluphelele lwenjini. Nazi izimbangela eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lokwehluleka:
- Injini iphelelwa uwoyela, okungaholela ekubanjweni kwenjini futhi kungadala umonakalo ongalungiseki.
- Ukuntuleka kokupholisa noma izinkinga zokupholisa. Njengakuwoyela, lolu hlelo lubalulekile ukugcina injini isesimweni esihle. Ukushisa ngokweqile kungabangela izingxenye zebhulokhi yenjini ukuthi zincibilike endaweni ye-cylinder head gasket, okungadinga ukulungiswa okubizayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimo lapho injini nayo idinga ukushintshwa ngu:
- Impilo yenjini isifike ekugcineni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingxenye eziningi ezincane zidinga ukulungiswa, okungasho amahora amaningi okusebenza nezindleko eziphezulu.
- Kunzima ukuthola izingxenye ezishintshayo. Kwezinye izimo, uma imoto isindala, izingxenye ngeke zisatholwa kubahlinzeki ukuze zishintshwe futhi kungase kube nzima ukuzithola emayadini okusindisa.
- Thuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini ngenamandla kakhulu.
- Ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo, esikhundleni senjini yokuqala ngeyesimanjemanje ekhipha umoya omncane.
- Njll
Ibiza malini injini ephelele nentsha yemoto?
Kukhona imakethe yezinjini eziphelele zezimoto ethakazelisa kakhulu, nakuba ingemuva. Esinye sezizathu ukuthi kunezikhathi ezimbalwa kakhulu lapho injini ephelele idinga ukushintshwa, futhi ngenxa yokuthi imfashini ye ukushintsha injini akuyona njalo njengase-USA Ngaphezu kwalokho, i injini yekhreyithi Futhi awadumile, futhi awavunyelwe kwezinye izimo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, udaba lwezomnotho ngezinye izikhathi kungase futhi kube yindaba ukungashintshi injini ukuze uthole entsha. Izinjini, kuye ngohlobo namandla azo, zingabiza phakathi kwama-euro ayi-1800 nangaphezulu kwama-euro ayi-7500 kwezinye izimo, okuhlanganisa nezinjini ezithile zezemidlalo zohlobo oluphambili ezingabiza ngaphezu kwama-euro angu-20000. Ngisho, bangathenga okungaphezu kwemoto entsha...
Nokho, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akuzona zonke izinguquko ezingenzeka noma okungenani kulula ukuzenza. Isibonelo, uma siqhathanisa i-Fiat 124 ne-Mazda MX-5, kungase kube lula ukusebenzisa injini ye-V8 ye-Mazda ku-Fiat, ngoba yabelana ngenkundla, futhi ngaleyo ndlela bekuzotholakala i-Fiat enamandla kakhulu. Okufanayo, isibonelo, i-SEAT ne-VW/Audi, noma i-Skoda, njll. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinjini ezihlukile kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa nezimo noma kungenzeki ukuzisebenzisa ngenxa yezinkinga zesikhala.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukuze ushintsho lube nokwenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe, kufanele ube nedatha elandelayo evela eshidini ledatha yobuchwepheshe yemoto yakho. ukukhetha okulungile:
- Umkhiqizo nemodeli
- I-Versión
- Unyaka wokukhiqiza
- Ikhodi yenjini (imvamisa iqala ngo-G esimweni sikaphethiloli noma u-D esimweni sikadizili).
Khumbula ukuthi ukusebenzisa a injini enganele Ayikwazanga ukukulethela izinkinga kuphela uma kukhulunywa ngayo ivume noma idlulise i-ITV, ingase ingalingani kahle imoto, ibangele ukudlidliza nokwephuka okukhulu, njll.
Kubiza malini ukushintsha injini ephelele endaweni yokusebenzela?
Al inani elibiza injini ephelele yemoto, kufanele futhi wengeze umsebenzi weshabhu eyenza ukushintshwa. Futhi ukuthi ukushintsha injini ephelele kungenye yezinhlelo ezibiza kakhulu ongayenza. Khumbula ukuthi umakhenikha ngeke agcine ngokukhipha injini endala nakho konke okushiwo yilokhu, uzophinde axhume zonke izintambo, ukuhanjiswa, izisekelo, njll. enjinini entsha.
Futhi, akuzona zonke izinjini eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokulinganayo ukuzifaka, kancane kancane uma umakhenikha kufanele enze okuthile okukhethekile enjinini eshiwo, okungenza intengo yokuhlanganisa ibize kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukushintsha injini ephelele eSpain kungaba nenani elishintshashintshayo phakathi kuka- € 800 no- € 2000.
Njengoba ngishilo, kule ntengo kufanele wengeze intengo yenjini, ngakho-ke, ingabiza kalula izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zama-euro, okwenza kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njengalezi engizisho ekuqaleni...
Ngabe i-ITV izodlula ngemuva kokushintshwa kwenjini entsha ngokuphelele?
Okunye okucatshangelwayo okufanele ukucabangele lapho ushintsha injini yemoto yakho ngokuphelele uma lokhu Imoto eguquliwe ingase iphumelele ekuhlolweni kwe-ITV. Akufani nokubeka injini efana naleyo ebinayo, kodwa entsha noma esekeni, kunokubeka enye injini. Khumbula ukuthi ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwenjini kungabhekwa njengenguquko, uma kushintsha noma yiziphi izici zefekthri yemoto.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele futhi kubhekwe ukuthi akuzona zonke izinguquko eziphelele zenjini ezingafani (futhi ziyinguquko) kuleyo ebinazo ezibhekwa njengezinkinga ukudlulisa i-ITV, kodwa kufanele ihlinzekwe. imibhalo eyengeziwe ngesikhathi sokudlulisa ukuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngezikhathi ezithile kwemoto, into ebingeke idingeke uma iyinjini efanayo.
Ungagunyaza kanjani ukushintshwa kwenjini?
Noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwenjini okuphelele, noma ukuguqulwa, idinga ukugunyazwa ukwenza kube semthethweni. Lapho ugunyaza injini entsha yemoto yakho, kulula ukuthi uyifunde Ibhukwana Lezinguquko Zezimoto eshicilelwe uMnyango Wezomnotho, Izimboni kanye Nokuncintisana Kahulumeni waseSpain. Lapho uzobona iziqondiso okufanele zilandelwe, khona kanye esigabeni Seyunithi Yamandla. Ichaza ukucushwa kweyunithi yamandla kanye nezidingo zamadokhumenti ukuze kugunyazwe uhlobo.
Usuvele uyazi ukuthi idatha eminingi yenjini ingaboniswa eshidini lobuchwepheshe lemoto yakho. Lapho uzothola ikhodi ye-alphanumeric ekhomba izici ezihlukene zenjini. Uma ushintsha injini ngenye ikhodi efanayo, akudingekile ukuyigunyaza. Ukugunyazwa kuyadingeka kuphela uma injini ishintshwa noma ithathelwa indawo enye ngekhodi ehlukile.
Kuzodingeka ukwazi imininingwane yokuguqulwa kwenjini, kanye nezici zenjini entsha, njengobubanzi nokushaywa kwamasilinda, uhlobo lokukhipha umoya, uma kukhona ukushaja okuphezulu noma cha, ukuhlelwa kwamasilinda nama-valve, njll. Kusuka kubo kuzoncika uma ukuxoxisana kungenzeka noma cha.
Ngokunjalo, kuyodingeka ukuthi kube semthethweni noma kugunyazwe izinguquko ezenziwe enjinini ukuze ikwazi ukudlula i-ITV. Kwakho, kufanele wenziwe esiteshini esisemthethweni se-ITV. Ngokuvamile, uzodinga ukuthumela i- imibhalo edingekayo, okuvamise ukuthi:
- imvume yokujikeleza.
- Ikhadi le-MOT langempela.
- Ubufakazi benkokhelo yomshwalense oyimpoqo: lo mbhalo udingeka kuphela kwezinye izikhungo ze-ITV.
- Umbiko wokuthobela: lesi sitifiketi singakhishwa ilabhorethri yobuchwepheshe (uma ngabe umenzi engakugunyazi ukushintshwa) noma umkhiqizi wenjini ngokwakhe. Siyabonga ngakho, kuzokwaziwa ukuthi ngabe ithobelana namazinga, ukuphepha, kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe edingwa ngumthetho ukuthi ivunyelwe. Phakathi kwedatha kukhona uhlobo, uhlobo lwenjini, inombolo kamazisi eyingqayizivele (VIN), iphasiwedi yokugunyaza, njll.
- isitifiketi workshop: idokhumenti ingatholakala ku-workshop lapho ukuguqulwa kwenziwa khona, equkethe idatha yemoto kanye naleyo yomhlangano wokusebenzela. Lona idokhumenti evamile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwe- sheshisa ukugunyazwa mayelana nokushintshwa kwenjini yemoto, kungakuhle futhi ukuthi kuhlinzekwe lawa amanye amadokhumenti ku-ITV:
- Ngaphambi nangemva kwezithombe zenjini ziyashintsha. Ngokuyisisekelo izithombe zenjini endala, imoto ekhishwe injini, kanye nenjini entsha efakiwe.
- Izithombe Zemininingwane Yesistimu Yokubhuleka. Lokhu kubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, ukuze ochwepheshe bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwenjini entsha akuthinti amasistimu okubhuleka.
- Umbiko wesisindo semoto. Kungajabulisa futhi ukunikeza umbiko ngesisindo semoto efakwe injini entsha, njengoba lokhu kuhlobene kakhulu nesistimu yokubhuleka nokuphepha.
Uma ukhetha faka injini yamandla aphezulu uma iqhathaniswa neyokuqala (kuphela uma injini entsha idlula u-30% wamandla esikhulu esidala, esigunyazwe umenzi, hhayi amandla angempela injini endala eyayinawo, njengoba, njengoba wazi, ingaphelelwa amandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi), futhi kuyadingeka ukufaka isandla ku-ITV:
- Idatha evela ebhange lamandla langaphambilini.
- Idatha ephuma ku-dyno ngemva kokushintsha injini.
Ungayithenga kuphi injini ephelele?
Okokugcina, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi wazi lapho ungakwazi ukuthenga injini ephelele yemoto. Akuyona into ethengwa kakhulu, futhi abaningi bangase babe nokungabaza ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka yini eSpain noma cha. Iqiniso liwukuthi kungenzeka ukuthenga injini ephelele, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:
- Talleres: ama-workshops anezawo izingxenye abahlinzeki, futhi bangaba nawo kusukela kumayunithi amandla aphelele.
- Isandla sesibili: Kunamasayithi amaningi okuthenga nokudayisa amasekeni lapho kunikezwa khona izinjini eziphelele, yebo, zisetshenziswa. Ungawathola kumawebhusayithi amaningi okuthengisa aku-inthanethi, ngisho nakumasayithi afana ne-eBay.
- Ukusula: Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi uye e-scrapyard uyothenga injini egcwele kwenye yezimoto zakhona.
- izingxenye ezisele ezitolo: Yiqiniso, izingxenye zezitolo zingaba futhi indawo enhle yokuthenga izinjini ezintsha eziphelele.