Umjovo ongaqondile kanye nomjovo oqondile

Njengoba sonke sazi, izinjini zisebenza ngenxa kaphethiloli ezibasayo ukuze zikhiqize ukunyakaza. Emashumini eminyaka adlule, yethulwa ngaphakathi kwamasilinda ngenxa ye-carburetor. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusasebenzi ukwenza enye indlela eyinkimbinkimbi futhi esebenza kahle: i umjovo.

Kuye ngokusebenza kwayo, indawo, nezinye izici, kuningi izinhlobo zomjovo kwenjini. Nakuba okwamanje kunomehluko ophawuleka ngokukhethekile: ukuthi kunjalo ngqo noma ngokungaqondile. Ngamunye wabo izinzuzo nezinkinga kanye nethuba lokufakwa kwezinye izinjini yebo kanti kwezinye cha, kuye ngokwakhiwa kwazo.

umjovo ongaqondile

Okokuqala, sinomjovo ongaqondile, owawusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezindala zikadizili futhi ezinye izinhlobo zikaphethiloli zisenawo. Naye, uphethiloli uhlinzekwa ngaphandle kwegumbi elivuthayo. Ezimotweni zikaphethiloli, itholakala endaweni eningi ewuthathayo, ukuze ixube kahle nomoya onyakazayo bese ifinyelela ingaphakathi le-cylinder.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphethiloli uxubene kahle nomoya, izinjini ezinalolu hlobo lomjovo zine ingaphakathi elimangelengele. ngakho bayathola dala isiphithiphithi okufaka isandla ekufutheni kangcono kukaphethiloli. Umphumela ogcizelelwa nakakhulu ku- swirl ekamelweni yekhanda le-cylinder, okumele lifakwe uma kunesidingo.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ku izimoto zikadizili ngomjovo ongaqondile, isilinda has a i-prechamber yomlilo etholakala ekhanda le-cylinder, lapho uphethiloli ujovwa khona. Enye ishiswa ekamelweni langaphambili ukuze kwandiswe umfutho, futhi uphethiloli ongashile uthunyelwa kusilinda, lapho usha khona ngokuphelele.

Ukungalungi komjovo ongaqondile

Ngokwesiko lolu hlobo lomjovo lwalunochungechunge lwamaphuzu abuthakathaka, okuyinto ngolwazi lwamanje nobuchwepheshe zilungisiwe ngezinye izindlela. Ngaphandle kokuqhubeka, i I-Toyota Prius isebenzisa umjovo ongaqondile futhi injini yayo evuthayo ingenye esebenza kahle kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, lapha sibonisa bonke sazi ukuthi amabhrendi athole izixazululo kwabaningi babo noma okungenani abanciphise:

• ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu eyenziwe ngamafutha:
  • Unokuningi ukulahlekelwa ukushisa idluliselwe ezindongeni ze-cylinder, ngoba uphethiloli usakazwa kulo lonke ikamelo lomlilo futhi uma ivuliwe iyayishisa kakhulu, inciphisa ukusebenza okushisayo injini.
  • Ivumela eyodwa isilinganiso esiphansi sokucindezela.
  • La izinga lokushisa kumqoqi mdala kancane

I-athikili ehlobene:

Izinto ezithinta ukusebenza kwenjini: izinga lokushisa nokuphakama

• Ukusebenza uzinzile kancane:
  • El ukuqala okubandayo kunzima kakhulu ngoba uphethiloli unamathela ezindongeni zegumbi elivuthayo.
  • El ukulethwa kukaphethiloli akunembile njengomjovo oqondile, ngakho-ke ayizinzile ngesivinini esiphansi sokungenzi lutho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto umjovo engaqondile kwadingeka ikhono elincane lokumunca emoyeni ngesiyaluyalu esidingekayo ukuxuba uphethiloli ku ukudla okuningi kanye nokuvuleka kwevemvane elincane.

Izinzuzo zokujova okungaqondile

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lwama-motor yilezi:

• La ukungcola basuswa kalula ekukhishweni yi-catalyst. ngiyazi ikhiqiza i-NOx encane ekushiseni.
• Ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwe- Atkinson umjikelezo, esebenza kahle kakhulu kune umjikelezo we-Otto, nakuba ukusebenza okuphansi.
• Okuningi ezomnotho ukwakha
• Ama-injector akude nokusha ukuze angcole kancane futhi abe nawo amathuba amancane okuphazamiseka

Umjovo oqondile

Olunye uhlobo lomjovo lwaziwa ngokuthi uqondile. Sekungamashumi eminyaka ifakiwe kukho konke izimoto zikadizili futhi namuhla zisabalale kakhulu kulo lonke izimoto eziningi zikaphethiloli. Isibonelo: i-TSI yeqembu le-Volkswagen, i-Ford EcoBoost, i-PureTech yeqembu le-PSA, i-BMW ne-Mercedes, njll.

Kulokhu, ama-injection asebenza ngqo kusilindakokubili ezinjinini zikadizili nezikaphethiloli. Ngale ndlela, uphethiloli ungena ngqo ekamelweni elivuthayo lenjini futhi inani elingenayo lilawulwa ngokuqondile.

Ukungalungi komjovo oqondile

• Njengoba i Ukukhishwa kwe-NOx kuphezulu zidinga izinhlelo ezisebenzayo nezimba eqolo zokulwa nokungcoliswa kwemvelo ukuze zihambisane nemithetho yokungcoliswa kwemvelo.
• Cha ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwe Atkinson umjikelezo.
• injini i into ebiza kakhulu ukukhiqiza ngoba kudinga uhlelo lomjovo olumelana nokusha kanye nokwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kancane.
• Kuyadingeka ama-injection ahlanzekile njalo ukugcina imoto isesimweni esihle. Uma kungenjalo izokwandisa ukusetshenziswa futhi ingase ibangele a ukulahleka kwamandla.

Izinzuzo zokujova okuqondile

• El ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuphansi kungani:
  • Ngokungafani nomjovo kaphethiloli ongaqondile, ukushiswa okuningi kwenzeka eduze kwepulaki ye-spark ngakho kube njalo ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okuncane wanikela ezindongeni zesilinda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa ku-multifolded intake liphansi.
  • Ivumela isilinganiso sokucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu ngaphandle kokuwela ekuziqhumiseni.
• Es uzinze kakhudlwana kungani:
  • Amathuba okudubula ancishisiwe. Okusho ukuthi, ukuhluleka kokuvutha.
  • Ivumela amakhaza lula aqala ngoba uphethiloli unamathela kancane ezindongeni zegumbi elivuthayo.
  • Ivumela ukuzinza kokungenzi lutho okuphansi ngoba ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli kunembe kakhulu futhi kuvinjelwe.

Njengoba i-multitake intake ingadingi ukukhiqiza isiphithiphithi esiningi futhi i-throttle ingavuleka kakhulu, umoya udlula kalula, ngakho iyakwazi ukuthola umoya owengeziwe.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukuzithungela, ukuqhunyiswa nokungqongqoza kwenduku yokuxhuma

Yikuphi okungcono, umjovo oqondile noma ongaqondile kuphethiloli?

Umjovo uyingxenye eyodwa nje yenjini, ngakho imiphumela utholani ngayo kuncike kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni ne okusele izingxenye zenjini, lokho kusebenza kwayo ngokwayo.

Sengikushilo lokho, izinzuzo kanye nokubi zohlobo ngalunye lomjovo zikhona uma uhlaziywa wodwa. Ngakho uma ubheka ukukhishwa okuncane kanye nezindleko eziphansi kuzoba lula ukuwuthola ngomjovo ukusikisela. Kunalokho, uma usesha ukusebenza kahle nokuzinza, kuzoba lula ukuyithola ezimotweni ezinomjovo qondisa.

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Umjovo okabili oqondile nongaqondile

Uma kubhekwa izinzuzo kanye nobubi obunikezwa uhlobo ngalunye lomjovo, kukhona izinhlobo ezikhethe ukufaka amasistimu amabili hlanganisa okuhle kakhulu kwemihlaba yomibili. Isibonelo, yena Injini engu-5.0 litre ngokwemvelo efisayo evela kwaFord Mustang noma injini ye-Audi engu-2.5 TFSI.

El ukusebenza umjovo ombaxambili ilula kakhulu: ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenzisa umjovo ongaqondile kumthwalo ophansi noma ophakathi ngoba, njengoba sike sabonisa ngaphambili, ifinyelela i-carburation engcono enciphisa ukungcola. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sebenzisa i- umjovo oqondile ekuthuthweni nasekulayisheni okuphezulu, ngoba ithuthukisa ukuqala futhi ivimbele ukuziqhumisa uma kunophethiloli omningi ekamelweni.

Umphumela walezi zimo kube ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwezinjini, okuzuzise kakhulu kuzo zombili izinhlobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ikwazile ukunciphisa ngokwanele ukukhishwa kwegesi yenjini yayo enkulu, ukuze kungadingeki ukuba uyilahle ngenxa yokungathobeli imithetho yokulwa nokungcola. Ngakho okwamanje bakwazile ukugcina ingqikithi yohlobo lwenjini yakhoelifanele ngokuphelele imoto yemisipha. I-Audi yona ikwazile ukuthola okungcono kakhulu ngebhulokhi enamasilinda amahlanu lapho ingxenye yesiko layo nayo isengozini.

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amasistimu womjovo

Izithombe 3, 4 kanye 7 - Eli Duke, Javier Prazak, Izithombe Imali

Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nale modeli

Ford Mustang

• Amaplaza 4
• Potencia 450 - 460 hp
• Ukusetshenziswa 8,9 - 12l/100km
• Ukuhlola 4,7