I-crankshaft yenjini: ukuthi iyini, isebenza kanjani, izingxenye, ukuphuka kanye nokukhiqizwa

El i-crankshaft ingenye yezingcezu ezibalulekile ze-a injini ye-piston. Okungukuthi, uhlobo lwezinjini ezisetshenziswa cishe zonke izithuthuthu, izimoto, amaveni, amaloli, njll.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi iyini i-crankshaft, ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zayo. Ngaphezu kokuqhekeka kwayo okungenzeka kanye neminye imininingwane mayelana nokwakhiwa kwayo, ukuqaqa nokulinganisa. Okungukuthi, konke okudingekile ukuqonda le ngxenye injini kahle.

yini i-crankshaft

Kuyi-shaft ebekwe engxenyeni engezansi yenjini eyakhiwe ama-crank amaningana, okuyiwona athola ukunyakaza kwamapiston ngokusebenzisa izinduku zokuxhuma. Lokhu kunikeza ukunyakaza okujikelezayo okudingekayo ukuhambisa imoto noma enye imoto enenjini.

ukusebenza kwe-crankshaft

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-crankshaft isebenza kanjani, kufanele wazi ukuthi yini imidlalo yokudlala ngaphakathi emotweni. Yisiqephu esiphethe guqula ukunyakaza okuqondile we pistons ngokunyakaza okuyindilinga. Ngakho ingasetshenziswa ukuhambisa amasondo ukudluliselwa.

Ukuqhathanisa okusiza kakhulu ukuqonda lokhu ukuthi i-crankshaft yenza into efanayo namaphedali ebhayisikili. Kuphela, esikhundleni sokuguqula isenzo semilenze, sishukunyiswa ukuqhuma okukhiqizwa ngaphakathi amagumbi omlilo, eziphusha i izibhamu phansi kanye izinduku zokuxhuma.

Kwesinye seziphetho zayo, i-crankshaft ine- i-flywheel, okuyidiski (imvamisa Isisindo esikabili) okuhlanganiswe kuyo futhi kungahlanganiswa ukubopha. Kukhona esilawula ngakho i-clutch pedal, si una U-gearbox owenziwe ngesandla noma, ngokwalo, uma kungu-a u-gearbox ozishintshayo.

Kusukela lapha, cishe zonke izimoto zisebenza ngokufanayo. Ukunyakaza okuphendukayo kudlula ku- gearbox, elawula isivinini sayo kuye ngegiya elibanjiwe. Ukusuka lapho, i-twist idluliselwa ku- umphini wokudlulisela (uma injini iku-ekseli ehlukile kunamasondo okushayela), ukusuka lapho ukuya umehluko, okuvumela ukuhlukanisa kabili lelo jika libe kabili ama-bearings bese uzungezisa ngesivinini esihlukile kwijika. Okokugcina, lezi spin amasondo emoto ngokusebenzisa Izixhumanisi ze-CV. Uma ufuna ukwazi ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi i-elementi ngayinye isebenza kanjani, vakashela izixhumanisi ezifakwe kuwo wonke umbhalo.

Njengoba ubona, lonke iketango izingxenye ezijikelezayo ezivumela imoto ukuthi ihambe. Nakuba konke kuncike crankshaft ukufeza umsebenzi wayo injini: guqula ukunyakaza okuqondile kube okujikelezayo. Ngakho-ke, i- Izinjini ze-rotary noma i-Wankel awadingi i-crankshaft, ngoba izinto ezivuthayo ezikhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwazo sezivele zikhiqiza ukunyakaza okuyisiyingi.

Izingxenye ze-crankshaft

Phakathi kwezingxenye zayo eziyinhloko kungaphawulwa:

• Los izinsiza lokho kuvula i-casing efanayo
• Las ama-crankpins ezisekela ukuphenduka kwezinduku zokuxhuma
• Los izingalo ezihlanganisa ama-crankpins futhi
• Los counterweights ezingakuvumeli ukudlidliza.

Izisekelo kumele ziqiniswe, njengamaphini e-crank, ngokwelashwa okuhlukahlukene kokushisa. Inqubo lapho ukunemba okuphelele kuyadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe ukubekezelelana okufanele ukuze kuhlale isikhathi eside. Noma yikuphi ukwehluleka kule nqubo kungabangela imifantu yokukhathala.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana motor oil

ukukhiqizwa kwe-crankshaft

Izinto ezifana insimbi eyakhiwe, okwaba ngemva kwalokho i-trata, sebenzisa imishini y ezilinganisweni.

Inikezwe ukuma okuhlangene kakhulu ukuze ibe nokuqina okukhulu. Nakuba lokhu kwandisa amathuba okulahlekelwa noma ukuguqulwa kwezinto ngenxa yokungqubuzana. Nokho, lokhu akuyona inkinga ngenxa yokugcotshwa njalo ekutholayo.

Ingaphakathi le-crankshaft lingaba lingenalutho, ukunciphisa isisindo kanye nokonga ezintweni zokukhiqiza. Isakhiwo esisetshenziselwa ukushayela uwoyela ocindezelwe owugcina ugcotshiwe. Ama-bearings ezisekelo kanye nama-crankpins athola amafutha ngezimbobo ezincane ezenziwe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-crankshaft.

Izimpawu zokuhluleka kwe-crankshaft

Kuyivelakancane ukuthi i-crankshaft yehluleke. Zakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi ukugcina impilo yemoto. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukuwohloka kwenzeka, iningi libilisa kulawa mathuba:

Gqoka

I-Las ama-crankpins Kufanele zigcotshwe ngokuphelele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma kungenjalo azoguga kancane kancane. Leli phutha lingabangelwa:

• Ukungabi nalo izinga likawoyela elifanele ngaso sonke isikhathi
• Ukwehluleka kwephampu kawoyela okungalungisiwe ngesikhathi
• Ungawashintshi amafutha ngaleso sikhathi, kuze kube yilapho ukuwohloka kwawo kukhulu kakhulu.

Lezi zimbangela ngeke nje zonakalise i-crankshaft nama-crankpins ayo. Ezinye izingxenye zenjini zizolimala kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kwe-crankshaft ngokwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, yena i-camshaft, the amasilinda, the piston izindandatho noma izintambo zokuhlanganisa.

Break

Kuyaxaka, kodwa i-crankshaft nayo ingaphuka. Nakuba uma kungengenxa yesici sokukhiqiza, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi kungenxa a ukusetshenziswa okungavamile. isiyingi ku ama-revs aphansi futhi ngomthwalo omningi kwenza i-crankshaft ihlupheke kancane. Kodwa lokhu akwenzeki ukuthi kuphule i-crankshaft yemoto. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto ezisindayo kungase kube into ezwakalayo.

Hlela kabusha noma shintsha injini, ngendlela yokuthi ithela kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, nayo iyimbangela engenzeka. Ezweni lakithi azivamile ngenxa yemingcele ebekwe umthetho, kodwa kwamanye amazwe izithuthukisi ezinkulu kakhulu zingabonakala njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, yena IToyota Yaris GR Powertune 500 hp evela e-Australia.

Yiqiniso, uma nganoma yisiphi isizathu i-crankshaft yayingalingani kahle, ingaphinda iphuke kalula ngemva kwamakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa. Kodwa kunjalo akuvamile kakhulu uma imoto inazo zonke izingxenye zemboni yayo. Kunoma yikuphi, kungenzeka kakhulu ekulungisweni noma ekulungisweni okujulile kwenjini, lapho izibalo zokuyibhalansiza zingazange zenziwe kahle.

Indlela ukususa crankshaft

Njengoba ubonile encazelweni ye-crankshaft, ixhunywe enjinini ngoba izinduku zokuxhuma zixhunywe kuma-crankpins awo. Iphinde ixhunywe nokudluliselwa nge-flywheel. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, inqubo yokukhipha i-crankshaft yinde kakhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke imele umthethosivivinywa ophakeme kakhulu eshabhu.

Ukuyikhipha kufanele khipha amaketanga noma amabhande enjinini. Yini Okufakiwe ibhande elisizayo futhi i Ibhande lesikhathi. Khona-ke kufanele ususe i-pulley yokusiza noma i-damper kanye ne-crankshaft damper noma ibhalansi ye-harmonic.

Khona-ke kufanele ususe sump ukuze ufinyelele ku-crankshaft kusukela phansi kwenjini futhi, ezimweni eziningi, susa ifayela iphampu yamafutha. Bese kuba yithuba le amakepisi wenduku ngayinye yokuxhuma, susa i ezithwele amakepisi ezivikela i-crankshaft enjinini. Uma ikhishwa, kufanele kuqashelwe ngoba i-crankshaft inzima kakhulu.

Lezi ziyi izinyathelo ezivame kakhulu zokuqaqa i-crankshaft yenjini, kodwa imodeli ngayinye ihlukile. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi iphampu yamanzi kuyodingeka ikhishwe kule nqubo, okuzodingeka ithulule amanzi Ukupholisa isifunda.

I-athikili ehlobene:

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ibhalansisa kanjani

Ukulinganisa i-crankshaft kuyinqubo leyo ngokuvamile akufanele kwenziwe ezimotweni ezivamile. Nokho, kufanele ukwenze ukuguqulwa kwenjini ejulile, lapho uhlobo oluthile lokukhanyisa lwenziwe khona ukwandisa amandla. Imayelana nokunciphisa noma ukwandisa isisindo senjini ukuze ikwazi ukuzungeza ngaphandle kokudlidliza. Iphinde ilinganise ukulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi, okungajwayelekile ukwenziwa ezimotweni ezijwayelekile.

Kulokhu kuyadingeka impahla ekhethekile lokho kusebenza ngenxa yesimiso esifanayo nemishini yokulinganisa ye amathayi. Ngamanye amazwi, okuhloswe ngakho ukuthi ibhalansi yobuningi ihlale isendaweni efanayo kuyo yonke indlela yokuzungeza yengxenye ngayinye.

Izithombe – Kojach, Jan Willem Broekema, Brian Burger, Photodesaster, Dvortygirl, Kevin Rheese, OK Foundry Company, Inc., Abilene Machine